بررسی ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و کانی‌شناسی خاک‌ها در یک ردیف پستی و بلندی در جنوب‌غرب دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر توپوگرافی بر ویژگی­های ریخت­شناسی، فیزیکی، ­شیمیایی وکانی­شناسی خاک­ها، یک ردیف توپوگرافی متشکل از سه تیپ ­اراضی ­­(تپه، فلات و دشت دامنه­ای) در منطقه حیدرآباد در جنوب­غرب دریاچه ارومیه، در حد فاصل شهرهای ارومیه و محمدیار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بدین منظور با توجه به تغییرات شیب و ارتفاع، در هر تیپ­ اراضی دو خاکرخ حفر، تشریح و رده­بندی شدند و از افق­های ژنتیکی نمونه­برداری انجام گرفت و ویژگی­های فیزیکی، ­شیمیایی و کانی­شناسی آن­ها تعیین شد. براساس نتایج حاصله، عمق خاکرخ، ضخامت سولوم و عمق و ضخامت افق­های کلسیک، مقادیر رس، کربن آلی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، هدایت الکتریکی و کربنات کلسیم معادل خاک­ها با کاهش شیب به سمت انتهای ردیف توپوگرافی افزایش یافت. علاوه­ براین، در انتهای ردیف توپوگرافی (تیپ­اراضی دشت دامنه­ای) انتقال عمودی رس منجر به تشکیل افق­های آرجیلیک شده است. براساس مطالعات کانی­شناسی، کانی­های ایلایت، اسمکتایت، کلرایت، کائولینایت، ورمی­کولایت و پالی­گورسکایت کانی­های رسی غالب در این خاک­ها می­باشند. نتایج مطالعات کانی­شناسی نشان داد که­ در قسمت­های بالادست ردیف توپوگرافی (خاکرخ­های 1 و 2، تیپ­اراضی تپه) کانی­های ایلایت و کلرایت، کانی­های رسی غالب می­باشند. به­تدریج با کاهش شیب، به مقدار اسمکتایت خاک­ها افزوده شده و در انتهای ردیف توپوگرافی (خاکرخ­های 5 و 6، تیپ­اراضی دشت دامنه­ای)، اسمکتایت به­صورت کانی غالب درآمده است. در خاکرخ 4 (تیپ ­اراضی فلات)، علاوه بر کانی­های اسمکتایت و ایلایت که کانی‌های غالب این خاکرخ هستند، کانی پالی­گورسکایت نیز یکی از کانی­های غالب می­باشد. تغییرات پستی و بلندی از واحد تپه به سمت واحد­های فلات و دشت دامنه­ای، با تأثیر در میزان روان­آب سطحی و مقدار آب نفوذ یافته به درون خاک و انتقال عمودی املاح به اعماق، تشکیل و تکامل خاک­ها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. در نهایت تفاوت در ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی و کانی­شناسی خاک­ها منجر به­ تمایز آن­ها در طول ردیف توپوگرافی شده است و باعث گردیده که این خاکرخ‌ها در سه رده انتی­سول، اینسپتی­سول و آلفی­سول قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of physicochemical and mineralogical properties of soils in a toposequence in South West of Urmia Lake

نویسنده [English]

  • Laya Aliyari
Urmia University
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of topography on morphological, physicochemical and mineralogical properties of soils, a toposequence composed of three land types (hills, plateau and piedmont plain) in Heydarabad region in the south west of Urmia Lake between Urmia and Mohammadyar cities was investigated. Considering the variations in slope and elevation, type two soil profiles were dug, described and classified in each land and soil samples were taken from genetic horizons and their physicochemical and mineralogical properties were determined using standard methods. According to the results, the depth of soil, solum thickness, the depth and thickness of calcic horizons, the values of clay content, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and calcium carbonate equivalent of soils were increased with decreasing in the slope and elevation of region to the downward of toposequence. Additionally, in the lower part of toposequence (piedmont plain land type), vertical translocation of clay has been lead to the formation of argillic horizons. According to clay mineralogical investigations, illite, smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, vermiculite and palygorskite were the major clay minerals in these soils. Clay mineralogical investigations revealed that in the higher parts of toposequence (soil profiles 1 and 2, hills land type) illite and chlorite were the common clay minerals. Gradually, with decrease in slope, the content of smectite in soils were increased and reached to the highest value and become the dominant clay mineral in the lower part of toposequence (soil profiles 5 and 6, piedmont plain land type). In soil profile 4 (plateau land type), in addition with smectite and illite, palygorskite is present as one of common clay minerals. Variations of topography from hills to plateau and piedmont plain have been effected the value of runoff, the amount of penetrating water and vertical translocation of salts and so affected the development and evolution of soils. Finally, differences in physicochemical and mineralogical properties of soils have been lead to the differentiation of soils along toposequence and their classification in three orders Entisoils, Inceptisols and Alfisols.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • argillic horizone
  • calcic horizone
  • smectite
  • soil evolution

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 آبان 1397

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