نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شیمی خاک و حاصلخیزی خاک

2 دانشجو

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان

4 بخش تحقیقات کشت گلخانه ای، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران،سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین،ایران.

چکیده

همگام با رشد صنعت و فناوری، ورود آلاینده‌های زیست‌محیطی و در صـدر آن‌ فلـزات سنگین به خاک‌، موجب افزایش نگرانی جامعه جهانی در رابطه با امنیت غذایی شـده اسـت. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیـابی میزان خطر زیست‌محیطی عناصر سـنگین با اسـتفاده از شـاخص‌هـای آلـودگی در شهرستان ورامین می‌باشد. برای این منظور، 35 نمونه مرکب خاک سطحی کشاورزی از هفت منطقه تهیه شد. مقدار کل و قابل جذب عناصرسنگین با تیزاب سلطانی و DTPA استخراج و با دستگاه جذب اتمی اندازه‌گیری شد. شاخص‌های زمین‌انباشتگی، فاکتور غنی‌سازی، فاکتور آلودگی، پتانسیل خطر پذیری زیستی و نسبت قابل جذب محاسبه شد. میانگین غلظت کل کادمیوم، سرب، روی، نیکل، کبالت، مس و کروم به ترتیب برابر 090/0، 3/52، 146، 0/25، 95/4، 1/42 و 2/73 و مقادیر قابل جذب این عناصر 035/0، 07/5، 10/7، 047/0، 041/0، 01/3، 030/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم اندازه‌گیری شدند. بیشترین مقدار شاخص زمین‌انباشتگی، فاکتور غنی‌شدگی، شاخص آلودگی، پتانسیل خطر زیست‌محیطی و شاخص نسبت‌های قابل جذب به ترتیب مربوط به مس (69/1) ، کروم (70/8)، مس (21/5)، کروم (52/43) و سرب (87/10) بود. شاخص جامع آلودگی که از میانگین شاخص آلودگی کلیه فلزات محاسبه شد، برابر با 08/4 بود و در کلاس آلودگی بالا قرار گرفت اما شاخص پتانسیل خطر زیست محیطی کل (109) در محدوده مجاز خطر زیست محیطی قرار گرفت. تفسیر نتایج شاخص زمین انباشتگی و پتانسیل خطر زیست‌محیطی نشان داد سرب، مس و روی، تحت تاثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی هستند، درحال‌که کادمیوم و کبالت صرفا منشاء زمین‌شناسی دارند. نهاده‌های کشاورزی و فاضلاب شهری عامل اصلی افزایش غلظت قابل جذب سرب، مس و روی به‌نظر می‌رسد. نظارت مستمر بر غلظت آلاینده ها در خاک های کشاورزی و همچنین محصولات کشاورزی برای حفظ منابع تولید و دستیابی به امنیت غذایی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing pollution risk of heavy metals in some of Varamin agricultural soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Babaakbari 1
  • maryam shakoori 2
  • Akbar Hassani 3
  • Mohsen Seilsepour 4

1 شیمی خاک و حاصلخیزی خاک

2 student

3 Soil Science department, Faculty of agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

4 Greenhouse Cultivation Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREOO, Varamin,Iran

چکیده [English]

Considering the development of industry and technology, the accumulation of environmental contaminants, especially heavy metals (HMs) in the soil lead to increasing concern about the food security. The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental risk of heavy metals using soil pollution indices. For this purpose, thirty five soil samples were taken from agricultural area in seven sites. The total and available concentration of metals extracted by Aqua Regia and DTPA were determined by an atomic absorbtion spectrometer. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), contamination factor (CF), potential ecological risk (RI), and availability ratio (AR) were calculated. Mean total concentration of Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu and Cr were 0.09, 52.3, 146, 25.0, 4.90, 42.1 and 73.1 mg/kg, and their available values were 0.035, 5.07, 7.10, 0.047, 0.041, 3.01 and 0.030 mg/kg of soils, respectively. The highest values of Igeo, EF, PI, RI and AR indicators were found in Cu (1.69), Cr (8.70 ), cu (5.21), Cr (43.52), and lead (10.87), respectively. Integrated pollution index (IPI) calculated using the average of total CF was 4.08 indicating the higher contamination class in the area whereas IR value was in acceptable ecological range (IR= 109). Analysis of Igeo and IR data showed that Pb, Zn and Cu vary by anthropogenic activities in the area while Cd and Co values are solely affected by lithgenic factor. Agricultural inputs and urban wastewaters can be the major factor increasing of pollutants in the agricultural soils in the area. Monitoring the pollutants concentration in the agricultural soils as well as in agricultural products is essential to conserve natural resources and obtain food security.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contamination Factor
  • Enrichment factor
  • Geo accumulation index
  • Potential ecological risk
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