ارزیابی زمین‌آماری تغییرات برخی ویژگی‌های خاک در پی تخریب جنگل‌های بلوط در دشت مختار یاسوج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیئت علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه یاسوج

2 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه یاسوج

3 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

پیش‌بینی دقیق تغییرات ویژگی‌های مختلف خاک طی تغییر کاربری اراضی، اطلاعات سودمندی را در اختیار طراحان برنامه‌های مدیریت اراضی قرار می‌دهد. در این پژوهش، اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی از جنگل متراکم (تخریب‌نشده) بلوط به جنگل نیمه‌متراکم (تخریب‌شده) و سپس دیم‌کاری بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک، در منطقه مختار یاسوج مطالعه شده است. بدین منظور، 100 نمونه خاک سطحی (صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متر) به‌صورت تصادفی برداشت و مقادیر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی در آن‏ها اندازه‌گیری شد. پس از تجزیه آماری داده‌ها، نقشه‌های پیوسته توزیع مکانی برای هر ویژگی با کمک تخمین‌گرهای کریجینگ معمولی و وزن‌دهی معکوس فاصله در محیط نرم‌افزاری ArcGIS 10.2 تهیه شد. بررسی میانگین داده‌های ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه، نشان از آن داشت که تغییر کاربری اراضی از جنگل بلوط متراکم به جنگل تخریب‌شده و سپس دیم‌کاری، موجب شد تا مقادیر ویژگی‌های درصد ماده آلی و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک در روندی کاهشی و جرم مخصوص ظاهری در روندی افزایشی تغییر یابند. هم‌چنین، مقادیر ویژگی‌های درصد رس، هدایت الکتریکی و درصد کربنات کلسیم معادل با کاهش جزیی و واکنش خاک و درصد شن با افزایش جزیی همراه بودند. در میان ویژگی‌های خاکی مورد بررسی، ویژگی درصد ماده آلی خاک، به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک با تغییرات چشمگیری همراه بود و میانگین آن در سه کاربری مزبور به‌ترتیب، 74/6، 42/3 و 58/1 درصد انداز‌گیری شد. در تأیید این نتایج، بررسی نقشه پراکنش مکانی متغیرهای مورد مطالعه نیز گواه آن بود که مطلوب‌ترین مقادیر ویژگی‌های منطقه در بخش‌های جنوب‏غربی منطقه با کاربری جنگل بلوط متراکم یافت می‌شوند و با افزایش فاصله به سمت بخش‌های شمال‏شرقی با کاربری کشت دیم، از مطلوبیت آن‏ها کاسته می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Geostatistical assessing of some soil properties variability due to the oak land deforesting in Mokhtar plain, Yasouj

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Owliaie 1
  • Elham Nasiri 2
  • Yaser Safari 3
  • Mohammad Sedghi Asl 2
1
2 Yasouj Univ.
3 Dept of Soil Science, Shahroud University of Tech.
چکیده [English]

Assessing the variation of different soil properties through the land use changes may provide useful information for land managers. The present study aimed to assess the soil quality variation due to the land use changes from dense (non-degraded) to semi-dense (degraded) oak forest and then to dry-farming in Mokhtar plain located in Yasouj region. A total number of 100 surface soil samples were collected in order to analyses of the selected physicochemical soil properties. After statistical analyses, the continuous distribution maps were prepared for all soil variables using ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting methods in ArcGIS software (ver. 10.2; ESRI). Analyses of the average values of selected soil properties showed that after changing the land use from dense to the degraded oak forest and then to dry-farming, organic matter and CEC changed in a decreasing trend and bulk density changed in an increasing trend. Moreover, electrical conductivity, carbonate calcium equivalent and clay percentage decreased in lower contents; whereas soil pH and sand percentage inconsiderably increased. Among the soil properties, organic matter content as one of the most important soil quality indices showed a significant change with an average of 6.74%, 3.42% and 1.58% in dense forest, degraded forest, and dry-farming lands, respectively. Supporting these findings, spatial distribution maps of the selected properties revealed that the most optimum soil properties were found in the southwest of the studied area, i.e. in the soils covered with dense oak forest; whereas increasing distance to the dry-farming lands in the northeast of the area, the selected soil properties were adversely changed. According to these findings, it can be stated that wide deforesting and land use change have been led to the considerable soil quality decline and therefore if deforesting will not be stopped a huge portion of the studied soils may lose their vital capabilities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deforesting
  • Land use change
  • Spatial distribution
  • Soil variability
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