بررسی اثر باکتری اسپوروسارسینا پاستوری و نوع محیط کشت بر رسوب زیستی کربنات کلسیم و کنترل فرسایش بادی خاک شنی استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

4 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس (TMU)

چکیده

فرسایش بادی و انتقال رسوب حمل شده تهدیدی جدی برای اراضی کشاورزی، محیط زیست، آلودگی هوا و سلامت انسان یکی از مشکلات اساسی در ایران و بخصوص استان خوزستان است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی کارایی باکتری اسپوروسارسینا پاستوری (Sporosarcina pasteurii) در کنترل فرسایش بادی در محیط کشت Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) و ملاس نیشکر بود. بدین منظور، محیط کشت باکتری و اثر گذشت زمان در پیشبرد آزمایش در نمونه خاک شنی از منطقه حمیدیه در دشت آزادگان استان خوزستان بررسی شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل ملاس نیشکر (10 درصد) و TSB به‌عنوان محیط کشت باکتری و محلول اوره (2 درصد) و کلرید کلسیم به‌عنوان مایه‌تلقیح بود. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در 3 تکرار انجام شد. پس از گذشت زمان 7، 15 و 30 روز، غلظت کربنات کلسیم، مقاومت به فروروی و فرسایش-پذیری نمونه‌ها به کمک تونل باد بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد از میان تیمارهای مختلف بیشترین غلظت کربنات کلسیم در تیمار ملاس همراه با باکتری مشاهده شد به‌طوری‌که درصد کربنات کلسیم نمونه شن را 52 درصد افزایش داد. بیشترین مقاومت به فروروی مربوط به تیمار کاربرد ملاس بود که سبب افزایش 1000 برابری مقاومت به فروروی شد. با گذشت زمان، مقاومت به فروروی و درصد کربنات کلسیم تجمع یافته در خاک، افزایش معنی‌دار در سطح 5 درصد بر‌اساس آزمون LSD نشان داد. بررسی فرسایش‌پذیری نمونه‌های منتخب در تونل باد با میانگین سرعت باد 16 متر بر ثانیه نشان داد که مقدار فرسایش در خاک شنی شاهد از 52 درصد به صفر کاهش یافت و باعث کاهش 100 درصدی فرسایش شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این پژوهش نشان‌دهنده‌ی نقش قابل‌توجه ملاس در کاهش فرسایش‌پذیری خاک شنی و افزایش مقاومت فروروی بود. بنابراین، استفاده از این ماده برای تثبیت شن‌های روان پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Sporosarcina pasteurii and culture media on Microbial Carbonate Induced Precipitation and wind erosion control in sandy soil of Khuzestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahime Nikseresht 1
  • ahmad landi 2
  • Gholamabbas Sayyad 2
  • Gholamreza Ghezelbash 3
  • Hossein Ali Bahrami 4
1 Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture. Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz
2 Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Chamran university, Iran
3 department of biology, Shahid Chamran univercity of Ahvaz
4 soil science department of TMU
چکیده [English]

Wind erosion and its dust are serious danger in erodible soil degradation, environment, air pollution and human health. It is an important problem in Iran and especially in Khuzestan province. In the current research, the effect of Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and sugarcane molasse as a culture media on wind erosion was investigated. The sandy soil sample was obtained from the Hamidyeh area in the Azadegan plain of Khuzestan province and the effect of time and culture media on the test was considered. The treatments were conducted with sugarcane molasse (10%) and TSB as a culture media and urea (2%) and calcium chloride as an injection solution. The experiment was carried out with the basis of completely randomized design with three replications. After 7, 15 and 30 days of injection, calcium carbonate content, penetration resistant and erodibility by wind tunnel were considered. Results showed that the highest concentrations of calcium carbonate were observed under 10% molasses treated with bacteria, which increased the percentage of calcium carbonate by 52%. The highest resistance to penetration was related to treatment 10% molasses application, which resulted in an increase of 1000 times the penetration resistance. The penetration resistance and the percentage of calcium carbonate accumulated in the soil showed a significant increase at the 5% level by LSD test, over time. The investigation of erodibility for selected samples was performed in wind tunnel with an average wind speed of 16 m/s. The amount of erosion in the sandy soil was decreased from 52% to zero, which indicates a 100% reduction in erosion. The results of this study indicate the significant role of molasses in reducing the erodibility of sandy soil and increasing the penetration strength. Thus, it can be suggested as a method to stabilize the sand.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcite
  • Sporosarcina pasteurii؛ Sugarcane molasse؛ Wind erosion

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 فروردین 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 خرداد 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 تیر 1397

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