جداسازی، غربالگری و بررسی صفات محرک رشد گیاهی ریزجانداران مقاوم به کادمیوم و سرب

سلطانی طولارود, علی اشرف; عیوضی نی, منیژه; قویدل, اکبر; عباس زاده دهجی, پیمان; گلی کلانپا, اسماعیل

جداسازی، غربالگری و بررسی صفات محرک رشد گیاهی ریزجانداران مقاوم به کادمیوم و سرب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد

³ بیولوژی خاک- دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

⁴ هیئت علمی

⁵ شیمی و حاصلخیزی

چکیده

موفقیت تکنیک گیاهپالایی نه تنها به گیاه، بلکه تا حد زیادی به اثرات متقابل ریشههای گیاه با ریزجانداران ریزوسفری وابسته است. این ریزجانداران به ویژه باکتریهای دارای صفات محرک رشد گیاهی می‌توانند با افزایش میزان جذب فلزات سنگین و کمک به استقرار بهتر گیاه، افزایش رشد سیستم ریشهای و در نتیجه افزایش رشد گیاه باعث بهبود کارایی گیاهپالایی شوند. با توجه به نقش مهم جامعه میکروبی خاک در افزایش راندمان پایش خاکهای آلوده با استفاده از گیاهان، این پژوهش با هدف جداسازی، غربالگری، بررسی صفات محرک رشد گیاهی ریزجانداران مقاوم به کادمیوم و سرب و معرفی جدایههای برتر انجام شد. بدینمنظور، نمونههای خاک آلوده به کادمیوم و سرب از نقاط مختلف پالایشگاه نفت شهید تندگویان (واقع در پانزده کیلومتری جنوب شهر تهران) تهیه و پس از اندازهگیری برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی، ریزجانداران مقاوم به کادمیوم و سرب از آنها جداسازی گردید. در جدایههای جداسازی شده، میزان مقاومت به کادمیوم و سرب تعیین و سپس توانایی جدایههای برتر در تولید فیتوهورمون اکسین، ترشح متابولیتهای محدود کنندهی رشد عوامل بیمارگر و همچنین حلکنندگی تریکلسیم فسفات مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش، 30 ریزجاندار از خاکهای آلوده جداسازی و پس از بررسی شکل ظاهری کلنی، رنگ و حاشیه آن و همچنین سرعت رشد، در نهایت 20 جدایه متفاوت انتخاب گردید. 70 درصد جدایههای مورد مطالعه تا غلظت 8 میلیمولار سرب و کادمیوم رشد خیلی خوبی را در محیط کشت نشان دادند. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی صفات محرک رشد گیاهی در 10 جدایه برتر از نظر مقاومت به سرب و کادمیوم نشان داد که کلیه این جدایهها توانایی تولید اکسین و حلکنندگی فسفاتهای معدنی نامحلول را داشتند. بیشترین (20/10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و کمترین (64/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) مقدار تولید اکسین به ترتیب مربوط به جدایههای C4 و C2 بود. متوسط حلکنندگی تری کلسیم فسفات توسط جدایهها 91/106 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بود. 80 درصد جدایهها توانایی یکسانی در تولید سیدروفور داشتند. بیشترین میزان تولید این متابولیت در جدایه C1 با نسبت هاله به کلنی 23/3 مشاهده گردید. از 10 جدایهی مورد مطالعه، سه جدایهی K2، K5 و C8 توانایی بالایی در تولید سیانید هیدروژن، آنزیم پروتئاز و سلولاز داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation, Screening and Evaluation of Plant Growth Stimulating Traits of Cd and Pb Resistant Microorganisms

نویسندگان [English]

Manizhe Eivazi Nei ²
Akbar Ghavidel ³
payman abbaszadeh dahaji ⁴
Esmaeil Goli Kalanpa ⁵

¹ هیات علمی

² MSc. Graduated

³ Faculty member

⁴ faculty member

⁵ faculty member

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Success of the phytoremediation technique depends not only on plant species, but also largely on the interactions of plant roots with the rhizosphere microorganisms. These microorganisms, especially bacteria with plant growth promoting traits, can improve efficiency of phytoremediation by helping to proper plant establishment, increasing root system growth and, consequently, increasing plant growth and enhancing heavy metal uptake. Considering the important role of soil microbial community in increasing the remediation of polluted soil with plants, this research was conducted with the aim of isolating, screening, investigating the traits of cadmium and lead-resistant bacteria and introducing superior isolates. Soil samples were taken from Cd and Pb contaminated soils of the Shahid Tondguyan oil refinery and after measuring some physical and chemical properties, heavy metals resistant microorganisms were isolated from them. Resistance to cadmium and lead was determined in the isolates, and then the ability of the superior isolates to produce phytohormones of auxin, secretion of growth inhibitor metabolites and solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate were evaluated. In this study, thirty microorganisms were isolated from contaminated soils. After examining the appearance of the colony, its color and margin, as well as the growth rate, at the end, 20 different isolates were selected. 70% of the studied isolates showed a very good growth in culture medium up to a concentration of 8 mM l^-1 of lead and cadmium. The results of evaluation of plant growth promoting traits in the top 10 isolates in terms of resistance to heavy metals of lead and cadmium showed that all of these isolates had the ability to produce auxins and dissolve insoluble inorganic phosphates. The highest (10.20 mg l^-1) and the lowest (0.64 mg l^-1) auxin production were observed for C4 and C2 isolates, respectively. The average solubility of tricalcium phosphate by isolates was 106.91 mg l^-1. 80% of isolates had the same ability to produce siderophore. The highest rate of production of this metabolite was observed in the isolate C1 with a halo to colony ratio of 23.3. Among 10 studied isolates, three isolates, K2, K5 and C8, were able to produce hydrogen cyanide, protease and cellulase enzymes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Heavy metals
soil contamination
microorganisms
phytoremediation

مراجع

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