نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو/ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 عضو هیئت علمی و رئیس مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان.

چکیده

محصولات خوراکی رشد کرده در خاک‌های آلوده به کادمیم منبع اولیه ورود مقدار زیاد کادمیم به بدن مصرف‌کننده هستند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ‌پتاسیم و ‌روی بر عملکرد سیب‌زمینی و غلظت کادمیم آن، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با نه تیمار و در چهار تکرار در یکی از مزرعه های آلوده به کادمیوم درسالهای 1393 و 1394 در فریدان ، استان اصفهان انجام شد. در این مطالعه سولفات‌پتاسیم در سه سطح (صفر، 150 و 300 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و سولفات‌روی نیز در سه سطح (صفر، 20 و 40 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) استفاده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین عملکرد هکتاری غده و درصد ماده خشک (38505 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و 14/23 درصد) در تیمار 150 کیلوگرم سولفات‌پتاسیم به‌همراه 20 کیلوگرم سولفات‌روی و کم‌ترین آن در شاهد (24000 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و 88/19 درصد) به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین غلظت پتاسیم در غده مربوط به تیمار 300 کیلوگرم سولفات‌پتاسیمبه‌همراه 40 کیلوگرم سولفات‌روی با 378 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم‌ و کم‌ترین آن برابر 210 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در شاهد بود. بیش‌ترین غلظت روی غده مربوط به تیمار 150 کیلوگرم سولفات‌پتاسیم به‌همراه 20 کیلوگرم سولفات‌روی با 40 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم و کم‌ترین آن 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در شاهد به‌دست آمد. کم‌ترین غلظت کادمیم در غده مربوط به تیمار 150 و 300 کیلوگرم سولفات‌پتاسیمبه‌همراه 20 کیلوگرم سولفات‌روی با 23/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم و بیش‌ترین آن 77/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود که در شاهد مشاهده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که افزایش سطوح سولفات‌پتاسیم و سولفات‌روی در کاشت سیب‌زمینی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار جذب کادمیم در گیاه و در نتیجه کاهش معنی‌دار غلظت کادمیم در غده سیب‌زمینی شد. از این‌رو، استفاده از کودهای سولفات‌پتاسیم و سولفات‌روی در مزارع آلوده به آلاینده کادمیم، برای افزایش عملکرد هکتاری و تولید محصول سالم توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the Effect of Potassium and Zinc on the Cadmium Accumulation in Potato Tubers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdollah Hosseini 1
  • Mohammad Jafar Malakouti 2
  • AliAsghar Shahabi 3

1 student/ TMU

2 تربیت مدرس

3

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Edible crops grown in cadmium polluted soils are the primary source of large amounts of cadmium entering the consumer body. To investigate the effect of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) on tuber yield and uptake and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in potato tubers, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 4 replications has been carried out in 2014-15 in one of the polluted farm in the Faridan, Isfahan province. In this study, potassium sulfate (SOP) was applied at three levels (0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1) and zinc sulfate at three levels (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1) were used. The results showed that the highest tuber yield and percentage of dry matter were 38505 kg ha-1 and 23.14 that obtained from treatment 150 kg ha-1 SOP + 20 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 and the lowest was 24000 kg ha-1 and 19.88 that obtained from control. The highest concentration of K in tubers was equal to 378 mg kg-1 that obtained from 300 kg ha-1 SOP + 40 kg ha-1 ZnSO4, and the lowest was equal to 210 mg kg-1 that obtained from control. The highest concentration of Zn in tubers was equal to 40 mg kg-1 that obtained from 150 kg ha-1 SOP + 20 kg ha-1 ZnSO4, and the lowest was equal to 20 mg kg-1 that obtained from control. While Cd concentration in the control was 0.77 mg kg-1, it decreased significantly in all other treatments, and the lowest was 0.23 mg kg-1 in both 150 kg ha-1 SOP + 20 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 and 300 kg ha-1 SOP + 20 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 treatments. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that application of K2SO4 and ZnSO4 fertilizers in the polluted farm is necessary for obtaining higher yield and is necessary for healthy crop.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cd
  • K
  • Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
  • Tuber yield
  • Zn
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