تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک و کلسیم بر مقاومت به سرمازدگی دانهال‌های پسته رقم کله‌قوچی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک و کلسیم بر مقاومت به سرمازدگی دانهال­های پسته، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه انجام شد. تیمارها شامل اسید سالیسیلیک (صفر، 75/0 و 5/1 میلی‏مولار)، کلسیم (صفر، 3 و 6 در هزار) و دما (صفر، 2- و 4- درجه سلسیوس) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش دما به 4- درجه سلسیوس، درصد نشت یونی برگ افزایش یافت، لیکن با مصرف توامان اسید سالیسیلیک (5/1 میلی­مولار) و کلسیم (6 در هزار) این شاخص مهم سرمازدگی، با کاهش 47 درصدی نسبت به شاهد در همین دما، مواجه گردید. همچنین با کاهش دما (از صفر به 4- درجه سلسیوس)، ترکیبات فنلی و قندهای محلول به‌ترتیب 44 و 31 درصد و غلظت پرولین بیش از دو برابر نسبت به دانهال­های شاهد افزایش یافت، اما با مصرف توامان بالاترین غلظت­های اسید سالیسیلیک و کلسیم این پارامترهای القاء مقاومت به‌ترتیب با افزایش 44، 31 و 100 درصدی مواجه گردیدند. نتایج این آزمایش همچنین نشان داد که با کاهش دما، شاخص کلروفیل فلورسانس، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئیدها، محتوای پروتئین‌های محلول و نشاسته کاهش یافت، ولی با مصرف توامان 5/1 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و تیمار 6 در هزار کلسیم، مقدار این پارامترها نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. به‌طوری­که مقدار کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئیدها، پروتئین و نشاسته به‌ترتیب 87، 49، 25 و 99 درصد نسبت به شاهد در دمای 4- درجه سلسیوس افزایش و دانهال­های پسته را در مقابل تنش سرمایی محافظت نمود. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این پژوهش، در شرایط تنش سرمایی، مصرف توامان اسید سالیسیلیک و کلسیم، از طریق بهبود پارامترهای فتوسنتزی و افزایش تنظیم‌کننده­های اسمزی، اثرات مخرب سرمازدگی دانهال‏های پسته را کاهش دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Salicylic Acid and Calcium on Chilling Resistance of Pistachios Seedlings, cv. Kaleghochi

نویسندگان [English]

  • vahid mozafari 1
  • fateme yazdanpanah 2
1 Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid and calcium on resistance chilling of pistachio seedlings, cv. Kale-Quchi, a factorial greenhouse experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted ofwere salicylic acid (0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM), calcium (0, 3 and 6 per thousand) and temperature (0, -2 and -4 °C). The results showed that, leaf electrolyte leakage percentage increased with decreasing temperature to -4 °C, but combined application of salicylic acid (1.5 mM) and calcium (6 per thousand) decreased this important indicator of chilling by 47 percent compared to control in this temperature. Also, with decreasing temperature (from 0 to -4 °C), the phenolic compounds, and soluble sugars and proline concentration incresed 44 and, 31 and 100 percent respectively and proline concentration more than two folds increaded compared to control seedlings. Also, the results of this experiment showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence index, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble proteins and starch content decreased with decreasing temperature, but with combined application of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and treatment ofcalcium (6 per thousand) calcium, the amount of these parameters increased these parameters compared to control. So that the content of total chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein and starch increased compared to control at 4 °C by 87, 49, 25 and 99 percent, respectively compared to control and protected pistachio seedlings against chilling. Based on the results of this study, in chilling conditions, the combined application of salicylic acid and calcium, by improving the photosynthetic parameters and increasing osmotic regulators, decreased detrimental effects of chilling of pistachio seedlings. in chilling conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium
  • Chilling
  • Phenolic compounds
  • Soluble sugars
References
Abdul- Jalil C., Manivannan P., Wahid A., Farooq M., Jasim H., Juburi A., Somasundaram A., and Panneersel-Vam, R. 2009. Drought stress in plant: A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. Journal of Agricultural Biology, 11: 100-105.
Afshari H., Zahedi R., Parvaneh T., and Zadehbagheri M. 2014. Effect of salicylic acid on the proline, soluble sugars and ion leakage in two apricot cultivars under cold stress. Journal of Agriculture, 16(1): 127-138. (In Persian)
Ameglio T., Alves G., Decurteix M., Bonhome M., Guiliot A., Sake S., Brunel N., Petel G., Regcau R., Cochard H., Julien J.L.J., and Lacointe A. 2006. Winter biology in walnut tree: Freezing tolerance by cold acclimation and embolism repair. Acta Horticulturae, 241-250.
Arnon D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta Vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15.
Ashraf M., and Foolad M.R. 2007. Roles ofglycine betaine and proline in improving plantabiotic strees resistance. Environmental and Exprimental Botany, 59: 206-2016.
Balasundram N., Sundram K., and Samman S. 2007. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry, 99: 191-203.
Bertamini M., Zulini K., Muthuchelian K., and Nedunchezhian N. 2007. Low-night temperature effects on photosynthetic performance on two grapevine genotypes. PlantBiology, 51: 381-385.
Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye Binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72: 248- 254.
Brown G., Wilson S., Boucher W., Graham B., and McGlasson B. 1995. Effect of copper-calcium sprays on fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Horticultural Science, 62: 75-80.
Chen J., Zhu C., LI L., Sun Z., and Pan X. 2007. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1: 44-49.
Colom M.R., and Vazzana C. 2001. Drought stress effects on three cultivars of Eragrostis curvula: photosynthesis and water relations. Plant Growth Regulation, 34: 195-202.
Ding C.K., Wang C.Y., Gross K.C., and Smith D.L. 2002. Jasmonate and salicylate induce the expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and increase resistance to chilling injury in tomato fruit. Planta, 214: 895-901.
Ershadi A., and Taheri S. 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on spring frost tolerance of grape cultivar ‘Bidaneh Sefid’. Agricultural Crop Management (Journal of Agriculture), 15(2): 135-146. (In Persian)
Gharib A.L. 2007. Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Growth, Metabolic Activities and Oil Content of Basil and Marjoram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2: 294-301.
Gunes A., Inal A., Alpaslan M., Eraslan F., Bagci EG., and Cicek G.N. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(6):728-36.
Hassibi P., Moradi F., and Nabipour M. 2007. Screening of rice genotypes for low temperature stress-using chlorophyll fluorescence. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 9: 14-31. (In Persian)
Imlay J.A., and Linn S. 1998. Mutagenesis and stress responses induced in Escherichia coli by hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Bacteriology, 169: 2967-2976.
Irigoyen J.J., Emerich D.W., and Diaz-Srganchie M. 1992. Water stressinduced changeing concentrations of prolin and total soluble sugars inoculated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84: 67-72.
Isfendiyaroglu M., and Zeker E. 2002. The relation between phenolic compound and seed dormancy in Pistaciaspp. In: AKB. E. (Ed.). 11 Grema Serr Pistachios and Almond. Chieres Optins Mediterraneenes, pp. 232-277.
Jackman R.L., Yada R.Y., Marangoni A., Parkin K.L., and Stanley D.W. 1988. Chilling Injury. A review of quality aspects. Journal of Food Quality, 11: 253-278.
Kafi M., and Mahdavi Damghani A. 2002. Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Resistance in Plant (Translated). Published by Ferdowsi University Mashhad. Mashhad, 472p. (In Persian)
Lahijanian S., Mobli M., Baninasab, B., and Etemadi N. 2012. Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in Some Eucalyptus Genotypes measuring Chlorophyll Fluorescence. The first national conference on plant stress (non-biotic), 10 and 11 November, Isfahan University of Technology. pp. 1021-1026. (In Persian)
Liu X., and Huang B. 2002. Cytokinin effects on creeping bentgrass response to heat stress. Crop Science, 42: 466-472.
Mahajan S., and Tutejan N. 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 444: 139-158.
Majdi M., Karimzade, G., and Mahfoozi S. 2007. Effects of low temperature and exogenous calcium on the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and relative content of chlorophyll in cold susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars. Journal of Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture, 77: 175- 181. (In Persian)
Mangrich M.E. 2000. Effects of abiotic shocks on the induction of chilling tolerance in seedling. PhD.Thesis, Graduate Division. California State University. 115p.
Maxwell K., and Johnson G.N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51:659-668.
Moradmand Y., Mobli M., and Ramin A.A. 2015. Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on increasing cold tolerance of bell pepper (cv. Emily) seedlings. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, Isfahan University of Technology, 5 (16) :123-133. (In Persian)
Mora-Herrera M.E., Lopez-Delgado H., Castillo-Morales A., and Foyer C. H. 2005. Salicylic acid and H2O2 function by independent pathways in the induction of freezing tolerance in potato. Journal of Plant Physiology, 125: 430-440.
Paquin R., and Lechasseur P. 1979. Observation sur une method dosage I proline libre dans les extraits de plants. Canadia Journal of Botany, 57: 1851-1854.
Peltzer D., Dreyer E., and Polle A. 2002. Differential temperature dependencies of antioxidative enzymes in two contrasting species: Fagus sylvatica and Coleus blumei. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 40: 141-150.
Pourrajabi Nejad M.R. 2013. Effects of BA and water stress in winter on nut qualitative and quantitative traits and spring frost hardening of pistachio cv. Kaleh-Ghoochi. Horticultural Department, Agricultural College, Vali-E-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran. 145p. (In Persian)
Ranney T.G., Bassuk N.L., and Whitlow T.H. 1991. Osmotic adjustment and solute constituents in leaves and roots of water-stressed cherry (Prunus) trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 116: 684-688.
Rodrigo-Moreno A., Andres-Colas N., Poschenrieder C., Gunse B., Penarrubia L., and Shabala S. 2013. Calcium- and potassium-permeable plasma membrane transporters are activated by copper in Arabidopsis root tips: linking copper transport with cytosolic hydroxyl radical production. Plant, Cell and Environment, 36(4): 844-855.
Sairam R.K., and. Srivastava G.C. 2002. Changes in antioxidant activity in subcellular fraction of tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes in response to long term salt stress. Plant Science, 162: 897-904.
Schaller G.E., and Kieber J.J. 2002. In: The Arabidopsis Book, eds. Somerville, C. R. and Meyerowitz, E. M. (American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD), pp. 1-17.
Sene M., Thevenot C., and Prioul J.L. 1997. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of amylose and amylopectin in starch from maize kernel by multi-wavelength analysis. Journal on Cereal Science, 26: 211-221.
Shakirova F.M., Sakhabutdinova A.R., Bezrukova M.V., Fatkhutdinova, R.A., and Fatkhutdinova D.R. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedling induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science, 164: 317-322.
Strasser R.J., Srivastava A., and Tsimilli-Michael M. 2000. The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. In: Yunus M., Pathre U. and Mohanty P. (Ed.). Probing photosynthesis: Mechanisms, Regulation and Adaptation, Tylor and Francis, New York, pp. 445-483.
Tadjvar Y., Fotouhi Ghazvini R., Hamidoghli Y., and Sajedi R.H. 2011. Physiological and biochemical responses of page mandarin on citrange rootstock to low temperature stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 3(9): 1- 12. (In Persian)
Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 2002. Plant Physiology. (2nd Ed.). Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers. Sunderland, Massachusetts. USA, 764p.
Tasgin E., Atici O., and Nalbantoglu B. 2003. Effects of salicylic asid and cold on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 41: 231-236.
Uemura M., Tominaga Y., Nakagawara C., Shigematsu S., Minami A., and Kawamura, Y. 2006. Responses of the plasma membrane to low temperatures. Physiologia Plantarum, 126: 81-89.
Vemmos S.N. 1994. Net Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and specific leaf of pistachio tress (cv. Aegenes) as influenced by fruiting. Journal of Horticultural Science, 69:775-782.
Zhang J., Kluera N., Wang Z., Ray W., Ho T., and Nguyen H. 2000. Genetic engineering for abiotic stress resistance in crop plants. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, 36: 108-114.