نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکترا گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی گرگان

2 دانشیار علوم خاک گرگان

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی گرگان

4 دانشگاه گلستان

5 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور

چکیده

کاربرد مداوم و نادرست علف­کش­ها می­تواند صدمات جبران­ناپذیری بر محیط زیست و زندگی موجودات زنده ایجاد کند. به همین علت آگاهی از پایداری علف­کش­ها در خاک، به سبب اهمیت تعیین پتانسیل آن­ها در آلوده کردن محیط و آسیب­رسانی به گیاهان زراعی امری ضروری به نظر می­رسد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر بیوچار و کود دامی بر پایداری علف­کش متری­بیوزین در شرایط اشباع و غیر اشباع خاک در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو نوع ماده آلی اصلاح کننده (کود گاوی و بیوچار) و شرایط رطوبتی (اشباع و غیر اشباع) در ۷ زمان نمونه­برداری (صفر، 8، ۱۶، ۳۶، ۶۴، ۹۰و ۱۱۰ روز) بودند. نتایج اندازه­گیری غلظت علف­کش در تیمارها از زمان مصرف تا ۱۱۰ روز در هر دو حالت اشباع و غیر اشباع نشان داد که در تیمارهای دارای اصلاح کننده­های آلی، میزان کاهش غلظت علف­کش بیشتر از خاک شاهد بود. تجزیه علفکش در خاک مطابق تابع سینتیکی مرتبه اول بود. کمترین ضریب تجزیه (K) مربوط به تیمار شاهد و بیشترین ضریب تجزیه مربوط به تیمار اصلاح کننده بیوچار بود که بیانگر پایداری علف­کش در تیمار شاهد و تاثیر مثبت اصلاح­کننده آلی بر افزایش سرعت تجزیه علف­کش است. نیمه عمر محاسبه شده تیمارهای آزمایش در محدوده ۳۴ تا ۳۸ روز بود، بیشترین نیمه عمر (38 روز) مربوط به تیمار خاک شاهد در شرایط غیر اشباع و کمترین نیمه عمر (34 روز) در تیمار اصلاح کننده بیوچار در شرایط اشباع بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد تجزیه علف­کش در تیمارهای دارای اصلاح­کننده­های آلی در شرایط رطوبتی اشباع از غیراشباع بیشتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

EEvaluation the effect of organic amendments (manure and biochar) on metribuzin herbicide persistence in soil.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kolsoom Abdollahi 1
  • Seyed Alireza movahedi Naeini 2
  • Mojtaba BaraniMotlagh 3
  • Pooneh Ebrahimi 4
  • Ghorbanali Roshani 5

1 P.h.D Student, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University

2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Golestan University

5 Associate Professor, Cotton Research institute of iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
The continuous and incorrect application of herbicides can cause irreparable damage to the environment and life of living beings. Knowledge about the persistence of pesticides in soil is necessary due to the importance of identifying their potential for contamination of the environment and damage to crops. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of manure and biochar on the stability of metribuzin under saturated and unsaturated conditions in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. The treatments were two organic amendments (manure and biochar) and moisture condition (saturated and unsaturated) in 7 sampling times (0, 8, 16, 36, 64, 90 and 110 days). The results of measured concentration of herbicide in the treatments from the time of consumption up to 110 days in both saturated and unsaturated states showed that in treatments with organic amendments, reduced concentration of herbicide was higher than control soil. Degradation of herbicide followed first-order kinetics in the soil. A minimum degradation coefficient (k) was observed in control soil and maximum degradation coefficient was observed in biochar treatment that indicates the herbicide stability in control treatment and the positive effect of organic modifiers on increasing the rate of degradation of herbicide. The half-life of treatments was in the range of 34 to 38 days, maximum half-life (38 days) was related to the control soil in unsaturated condition and minimum half-life (34 days) was observed in biochar treatment in saturated moisture. The results of the experiment showed that degradation of herbicide in treatments with organic amendments under saturated moisture was higher than unsaturated condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • saturated soil"
  • "unsaturated soil"
  • "Half life"
  • "degradation rate"
  • "first-order kinetic"
References
Beesley L., Moreno-Jiménez E., Gomez-Eyles JL., Harris E., Robinson B., and Sizmur T. 2011. A review biochars’potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 159 (3):269–3282.  
Briceno G., and Palma G. 2007. Influence of organic amendment of the biodegradation and movement of pesticides. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 37: 233-271.
Bowman B. 1991. Mobility and dissipation studies of metribuzin in planfield sand using field lysimeters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 10: 573-579.
Cupples A.M., Sims G. K., Hultgren R. P. and Hart S. E. 2000. Effect of soil conditions on the degradation of cloransulam-methyl. Environmental Quality, 29 (3):786-794. 
Gaskin J. W., Speir R. A., Harris K., Lee, R. D. Morris L. A., and Fisher D. S., 2010. Effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrients, corn nutrient status, and yield. Agronomy Journal, 102: 623-633.
Hance R. J., 1987. Herbicide behavior in the soil, with particular references to the potential for ground water contamination in Huston D. H., and Roberts T.R., (Ed.), Wiley, Chichester, England, pp. 223-247.
Henriksen T., Svensmark B., and Juhler R. K., 2004. Degradation and sorption of metribuzin and primary metabolites in a sandy soil. Environmental Quality, 33: 619-627.
Hogg, S. 2005. Essential microbiology. Jon Wiely and Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, England. 468p.
Itoh K., Ikushima T., Suyama K., and Yamamato H. 2003. Evaluation of pesticide effects on microbial comunities in a paddy soil comparing with that caused by soil flooding. Journal of Pesticide Science. 28: 51-54.
Jablonowski N.D., Hamacher G., Accinelli C., Berns A.E., Meng F., and Martinazzo R. 2010. Influence of biochar and activated char amendment on the biodegradation of 14 Catrazine in atrazine adapted soils from Belgium and Brazil. Setac Europe 20th Annual Meeting, Seminar, Seville, Spain, pp.21-22.
Kadian N., Gupta A., Satya S., Kumari Mehta R. and Malik A. 2007. Biodegradation of herbicide (atrazine) in contaminated soil using various bioprocessed materials. Bioresour Technology, 99: 4642-4647.
Kaake R. H., Roberts D.J., Stevenson. T.O., Crawford R.L., and Crawford. D.L.  1992. Bioremediation of soils contaminated with the herbicide 2-sec-butyl-4, 6- dinitrophenol (dinoseb). Applied Environmental Microbiology, 50: 1683-1689.
Khoury R., Geahchan A., Coste C. M., Cooper J. F., and Bobe A. 2003. Retention and degradation of metribuzin in sandy loam and clay soils of Lebanon. Journal of Weed Research, 43: 252-259.
Klute A. 1986. In: Klute A. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd edition. Agronomy Monog.9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, 1188p.
Lehmann J., Silva Jr J. P., Steiner C., Nehls T., Zech W., and Glaser B. 2003. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, 249: 343-357.
Lin C. H., Lerch R. N., Garrett E., Johnson W. G., Jordann D., and Georg M. F. 2003. The effect of five forage species on transport and transformation of atrazin and isoxaflutole (Balance) in lysimetre Leachate. Journal of Agricultureal and Food Chemistry, 49: 3859-3863.
Lorenz K., and Lal R. 2014. Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration. Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177: 651-670.
Lou L., Wu B., Wang L., Luo L., Xu X., Hou J. 2011 Sorption and Eco toxicity of pentachlorophenol polluted sediment amended with rice-straw derived biochar. Bioresource Technology, 102:4036–4041.
Manuel A. E., Mejuto J.C., Garcia-Rio L. 2007. The mobility and degradation of pesticides in soils and the pollution of ground water resources, Agriculture. Journal of Ecosystems and environment, 123: 247-260.
Maqueda C., Villaverde J., Sopena. F., Undabeytia S., and Morillo S. 2009. Effects of Soil Characteristics on Metribuzin Dissipation Using Clay-Gel-Based Formulations. Agricultural Food Chemistry. 2009. 57: 3273–3278.
Milosevic N.A., and Govedarica M.M. 2002. Effect of herbicides on microbiological properties of soil. Proceedings for Natural Sciences,102: 5-21.
Moorman T. B., Cowan J. K., Arthur E. L., and Coats J. R.  2000. Organic amendment to enhance herbicide biodegradation in contaminated soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 33: 541-545.
Mueller K., Smith R. E., James T. K., Holland P. T., and Rahman A. 2003. Spatial variability of atrazine dissipation in an allophonic soil.  Pest Management Science, 59: 893-903.
Mulbah C. K., Porthouse J. D., Jugsujinda, A., Delaune, R. D. and Johnson, A. B. 2000. Impact of redox conditions on metolachlor and metribuzin degradation in Mississippi flood plain soils. J. Environmental Science. Health, 35: 689–702.
Noshadi E., Homaei M., Mahmoodian M., ad Abbasi F. 2013. Transmission and degradation of herbicides in soil in different irrigation systems. Soil and Water Research, 45(3): 255-263. (In Persian)
Page A.L. 1985. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Methods. Agron. Monog.9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, 1097p.
Pena D., Lopez –Pinerio A., Albarran A.,Rato J., Sanchez-Llerena J., Becerra D., Ramirez B.  2015. De-oiled two-phase olive mill waste may reduce water contamination by metribuzin. Science of the Total Environment541(15): 638-645.
Ramesh A., and Maheswari A.R. 2003. Dissipation of sulfosulfuron in soil and wheat plant under predominant cropping conditions and in a simulated model ecosystem. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51: 3396-3400
Reimer M., Farenhorst A., and Gaultier J. 2005. Effect of manure on trifluralin mineralization in soil. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 40, 605–617.
Robertson B. K., and Alexander M. 1994. Growth-linked and biodegradation: possible reason for occurrence or absence of accelerated pesticide biodegradation. Journal of Pesticide Science, 41: 311-318.
Saha S., and Kulshrestha G. 2008. Hydrolysis kinetics of the sulfonylurea herbicide sulfosulfuron. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(12):891-898.
Singh N. 2008. Bio compost from sugar distillery effluent: effect on metribuzin degradation. sorption and mobility. Journal of pest management science, 64:1057-106.
Sohi S., Krull E., Lopez-Capel E. and Bol R. 2010. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in agronomy, 105:47-82.
-Strek H. J. 2005. The Science of soil residual herbicides in Canada. In: Van AckerR.C. (ed.), Soil residual herbicides: Science and Management. Topics in Canadian weed science,Volume 3. Sainte Anne-de Bellevue, Quebec, pp. 31-44.
Tasli S., Patty L., Boetti H., Ravanel P., Vachaud G., Schrff C., Favre-Bonvin J., Kauadji M., and Tissut M. 1996. Persistence and leaching of atrazine in corn culture in the experimental site of La Cote Saint Andre. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 30:203-212.
 Vassilev N., Martos E., Mendes G., Martos V. and Vassileva M. 2013. Biochar of animal origin: a sustainable solution to the global problem of high-grade rock phosphate scarcity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93: 1799-1804.
Zand E., Baghestani M. A., Shimi P., Faghih S. A. 2002. Analysis of Herbicides management in Iran. Tehran: Department of weed Research, plant protection Research Institute, 41p.
Zhang P., Sheng G., Feng Y., Miller D.M. 2005. Role of wheat residue-derived char in the biodegradation of benzonitrile in soil: nutritional stimulation versus adsorptive inhibition. Environmental Science and Technology, 39­(14): 5442–5448.
Zhang P., Hungven S., Loujun M., Chao R. 2018. Biochars change the sorption and degradation of thiacloprid in soil: Insights into chemical and biological mechanisms. Environmental Pollution, 236 (14), 158-167.