ارزیابی کمّی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شیمی-حاصلخیزی نانوذره ارومیه

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

چکیده
آلودگی و انباشت فلزات سنگین در آب و خاک به دلیل سمّیت، فراوانی منابع آلاینده، تجزیه­ناپذیر بودن و انباشت آنها در محیط، مشکلی جدی در سطح جهان است. آگاهی از میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین در سیستم­های خاک در تصمیم­گیری جهت کاهش آلودگی، کاهش در معرض­ قرارگیری انسان با آلودگی ناشی از فلزات سنگین و حفاظت انسان از خطرات آلودگی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این راستا از شاخص­های ارزیابی آلودگی به عنوان ابزاری مفید برای ارزیابی میزان آلودگی استفاده می­کنند. در این مقاله برای ارزیابی میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک شاخص زمین­انباشت (Igeo)، فاکتور غنی­سازی (EF)، شاخص آلودگی (PI)، فاکتور آلودگی (Cf)، فاکتور خطر اکولوژیکی (Eri)، مجموع شاخص آلودگی (PIsum)، شاخص آلودگی نمرو (PINemerow)، شاخص بار آلودگی (PLI)، میانگین شاخص آلودگی (PIavg)، ضریب بُرداری شاخص آلودگی (PIVector)، فاکتور غنی­سازی زمینه (PIN)، آلودگی چند-عنصری (MEC)، شاخص امنیت آلودگی (CSI)، شاخص احتمال سمیت (MERMQ)، درجه آلودگی (Cdeg)، خطر اکولوژیکی بالقوه (RI)، درجه آلودگی اصلاح شده (mCd) و فاکتور در معرض قرارگیری (ExF) مرور شدند. در پایان، روشی برای بی­بعدسازی شاخص­های فوق و محاسبه شاخصی تلفیقی حاصل از مجموع نمره وزن­دار شده همه شاخص­های منفرد برای تصمیم­گیری در خصوص آلودگی خاک پیشنهاد ­گردید. استفاده از این شاخص­ها می­تواند در ارزیابی کمّی و پهنه­بندی آلودگی خاک برای اهداف مدیریتی سودمند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals Pollution

نویسنده [English]

  • Roghaie Hamzenejhad 1
1 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination and accumulation in soil and water is a serious problem throghout the world due to the toxicity, abundant sources, non-biodegradable nature, and accumulative behavior of HMs in environment. A comprehensive understanding of the HM pollution in soil is essential in order to make informed decisions on the approaches to reduce contamination, minimize human exposure, and protect populations from the risk. Pollution indices widely considered as useful tools for evaluation of the degree of contamination. In this paper, geo-accumlation Index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF); single pollution index (PI), contamination factor (Cf), eological risk factor (Eri), sum of pollution index (PIsum), Nemerow pollution index (PINemerow), pollution load index (PLI), vector modulus of pollution index (PIVector), background enrichment factor (PIN), multi-element contamination (MEC), contamination security index (CSI), the probability of toxicity (MERMQ), degree of contamination (Cdeg), modified degree of contamination (mCd), potential ecological risk (RI), exposure factor (ExF) were suggested to address the degree of HM pollution in soil. Finally, a method was proposed for non-dimensionalisation of the above-mentioned indices as well as for calculation of an integrated soil contamination index derived from the sum of the weighted-average scores of all individual indicators. Using these indicators is useful in quantitative evaluation and digital mapping of soil pollution for management purposes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal
  • Pollution Indices
  • Soil pollution
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