استفاده از تحلیل چند‌متغیره به منظور ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در اراضی کشاورزی استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری, گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 حاصلخیزی و تغذیه

4 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

5 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، استان زنجان، زنجان

چکیده

چکیده
شاخص کیفیت خاک به عنوان ابزاری کمّی برای ارزیابی تأثیر کاربری و سیستم­های مدیریتی بر شرایط خاک مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. هدف از این تحقیق کمّی کردن کیفیت خاک در بوم­سازگان­های کشاورزی استان زنجان با استفاده از تحلیل­های چند­متغیره می­باشد. 154 نمونه خاک از 77 مزرعه در سطح استان زنجان (27 نمونه در کاربری آبی و 50 نمونه در کاربری دیم) از عمق صفر تا 30 و 30 تا 60 سانتی­متری جمع­آوری شد. 24 ویژگی فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک اندازه­گیری شدند. روش تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی به­منظور شناسایی حداقل ویژگی­های مؤثر ((MDS بر کیفیت خاک استفاده شد. دو گروه از حداقل ویژگی­های مؤثر با بررسی جداگانه­ی ویژگی­های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی ((MDS1 و بررسی کل ویژگی­ها (MDS2) تعیین شد و قابلیت روش­های خطی و غیر­خطی جهت تهیه شاخص کیفیت خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. چهار شاخص برای کیفیت خاک با استفاده از MDS1 و  MDS2و روش امتیازدهی خطی و غیر­خطی محاسبه شد. نیتروژن کل، فسفر، سدیم، روی و مس قابل جذب، کربن زیست­توده میکروبی، شاخص سهم میکروبی، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه و جرم مخصوص ظاهری به عنوان MDS1 تعیین شدند. کربن آلی، فسفر، سدیم، روی و مس قابل جذب، شاخص سهم میکروبی، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه و ضریب جذب­پذیری خاک به عنوان MDS2 شناسایی شدند. هر دو روش کارایی کافی برای شناسایی حداقل ویژگی­های مؤثر بر کیفیت خاک را داشتند. شاخص­های خطی کیفیت خاک (p˂0.001) نسبت به شاخص­های غیر­خطی(p˂0.01)  قابلیت بیشتری برای تفکیک کیفیت خاک بین دو کاربری دیم و آبی نشان دادند. شاخص کیفیت محاسبه­شده با استفاده از تابع خطی و MDS1 نشان داد کیفیت خاک در کاربری آبی (524/0) شرایط بهتری نسبت به کاربری دیم (433/0) دارد. شاخص کیفیت خاک محاسبه شده با استفاده از MDS2 نیز روند مشابهی را بین کاربری آبی (515/0) و دیم (433/0) نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Multivariate Analysis to Evaluate Soil Quality in Agricultural Lands of Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Hamidi Nehrani 1
  • Mohammad Sadegh Askari 2
  • Saeed Saadat 3
  • Mohammad Amir Delavar 4
  • Mehdi Taheri 5
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
3 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
5 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Zanjan Province
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Soil quality (SQ) index is used as a quantitative tool for assessing the impact of land use and management systems on soil condition. The aim of this study was to quantify SQ under agricultural ecosystems in Zanjan province using multivariate analyses. 154 soil samples were collected from 77 farms in Zanjan province (27 sites under irrigated and 50 sites under rain-fed land use) at 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths. 24 soil physical, chemical and biological properties were measured. Principal component analysis was used to identify minimum data set (MDS) for assessing SQ. Two groups of MDS were determined by considering physical, chemical and biological properties separately (MDS1), and by using all measured soil properties (MDS2). The capability of linear or non-linear approaches to develop SQ index was investigated. Four SQ indices were calculated using MDS1 and MDS2, linear and non-linear scoring methods. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus, sodium, zinc and copper, microbial biomass carbon, microbial quotient index, aggregate stability and bulk density were determined as the MDS1. Soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, sodium, zinc and copper, microbial quotient index, aggregate stability and sorptivity were identified as the MDS2. Both methods had enough efficiency to identify MDS for assessing SQ. The linear SQ indices (p˂0.001) showed higher capability than non-linear indices (p˂0.01) to differentiate SQ between rain-fed and irrigated land uses. The SQ index calculated using linear function and MDS1 indicated SQ of irrigated land use (0.524) had a better condition compared to rainfed land use (0.433). The SQ index calculated using MDS2 also indicated a similar trend between irrigated (0.551) and rainfed land use (0.433).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigated land use
  • Principal component analysis
  • Rainfed land use
  • Soil management
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