تأثیر زغال‌های زیستی چوب گردو و پوست سبز میوه گردو بر وضعیت نگهداشت آب در یک خاک شنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 گروه خاک؛ دانشگاه شهرکرد

4 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

خشکسالی و تنش حاصل از آن یکی از مهم­ترین و رایج­ترین تنش­های محیطی بوده که ویژگی­های مختلف خاک و در نتیجه تولیدات کشاورزی را با محدودیت روبرو می­سازد. پژوهشگران به‌منظور بهینه نمودن ویژگی­های خاک و کم نمودن اثر تنش­های یادشده از اثر بهساز­های آلی از جمله زغال زیستی استفاده نموده­اند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر زغال زیستی و ماده خام چوب درخت گردو و پوست سبز میوه آن بر منحنی رطوبتی و پارامتر­های هیدرولیکی خاکی با بافت شنی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. زغال زیستی مورد استفاده در دمای 400 درجه­ی سلسیوس و مدت ­زمان دو ساعت در شرایط محدودیت اکسیژن تهیه شد. بهسازها (چوب درخت گردو و پوست سبز میوه گردو و زغال‌های زیستی­ حاصل از آن‌ها) در نسبت­های یک و دو درصد وزنی/وزنی (معادل صفر، 36 و 72 تن در هکتار) در سه تکرار با خاک مخلوط و به‌مدت 120 روز در شرایط گلخانه انکوبه شدند. پس از آن، منحنی رطوبتی نمونه­ها با دستگاه جعبه شنی و صفحات فشاری اندازه­گیری شد. آنالیز­ آماری داده­ها نشان داد ویژگی­های جرم ویژه ظاهری، تخلخل، پایداری خاکدانه­ها در حالت تر و پارامتر­های معادله ون­گنوختن به جزء پارامتر رطوبت باقی­مانده در تیمار­های زغال زیستی نسبت به تیمار شاهد تفاوت معنی­داری داشتند. به­طوری که با کاربرد دو درصد زغال زیستی پوست سبز گردو جرم ویژه ظاهری 17 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش و تخلخل کل خاک به­ترتیب 13 و 11 درصد افزایش یافت. کاربرد دو درصد زغال زیستی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر منحنی رطوبتی خاک داشت. همچنین، افزودن زغال زیستی به خاک باعث افزایش چشمگیر نگهداشت آب خاک در مکش­های کم شد و با افزایش مکش تفاوت در رطوبت خاک بین تیمارهای مختلف کاهش یافت. با توجه به اینکه منحنی رطوبتی در مکش­های کم متأثر از حجم منافذ درشت و ساختمان خاک است می­توان گفت که افزودن زغال زیستی موجب افزایش منافذ درشت خاک گردید. به­کار­گیری مقادیر مناسب زغال زیستی به­عنوان یک بهساز خاک کشاورزی تا حدی می­تواند ویژگی­های فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک­های شنی مناطق نیمه­خشک را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of walnut wood and walnut green shell biochar on water retention status in a sandy soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shoja Ghorbani-Dashtaki 1
  • mahdis Tozhi 2
  • Hamidreza Motaghian 3
  • Ahmadreza Ghasemi 4
1 Soil Science Dept., Shahrekord University
2 Soil Science Dept. Shahrekord University
3 soil science department of Shahrekord University
4 Irrigation Dept., Shahrekord University
چکیده [English]

Drought and the resulting stress are one of the most important and common environmental stresses which limit agricultural production. Researchers have used organic amendments such as biochar to improve soil properties and reduce the effects of the undesirable stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using the provided biochar of walnut wood and walnut green shell on retention curve and hydraulic parameters of a sandy soil in completely randomized design. For this purpose, the biochar were produced at 400 0C for 2 h. The amendments (walnut wood and walnut green shell and their biochar) at 1 and 2 w/w% ratios (36 and 72 t ha-1, respectively) were mixed with soil sample in three replications and were incubated for 120 days in greenhouse conditions. The retention curve of the incubated soils was measured using sandbox and pressure plates apparatus. Statistical analysis showed that the applied biochar had significant effects on bulk density, porosity, stability of aggregates in wet sieving, and van Genuchten’s parameters (except residual moisture parameter). Application of 2% walnut green shell biochar led to 17% reduction in bulk density (17%) compared to the control and increased the total soil porosity. Application of 2% biochar had the highest effect on the soil water retention curve. Also, the addition of biochar significantly increased soil water retention at low tension and decreased the difference in soil moisture content between treatments. Since water retention curve in lower tension is affected by coarse soil pores and soil structure it could be concluded that addition of biochar improved soil structure and increased coarse soil porosity. Application of appropriate biochar as an amendment in agricultural soil can partially improve the physical and hydraulic properties of sandy soils in semiarid region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Physical properties
  • Walnut green shell
  • Walnut wood
  • Water retention curve

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 بهمن 1398

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