اثر پوشش‌های گیاهی بر ذخیره کربن آلی خاک و میزان تثبیت دی‌اکسید کربن در کاربری‌های دراز مدت، منطقه بجستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه

2 دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس بین‌الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

پوشش اراضی و تخریب خاک، به طور موثر بر انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای اثر گذاشته و منجر به گرمایش جهانی می‌گردد. از این رو، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی رابطه بین ذخیره کربن آلی خاک، پوشش اراضی و کاربری‌های مختلف در دو عمق 20-0 و 40-20 سانتی‌متری در منطقه بجستان استان خراسان رضوی انجام گرفت. تعداد 122 نمونه خاک (دو عمق × 61 موقعیت نمونه‌برداری= 122 نمونه) از اراضی با کاربری مختلف باغی (انار، پسته و زعفران)، زراعی (جو)، بیابانی (زیر اشکوب درختان تاغ و فضای بین درختان) و مرتعی برداشت گردید. نتایج نشان داد که خاک زیر پوشش تاغ‌ در عرصه‌های بیابانی در لایه سطحی (Kg m-2 17/3) و باغات انار در هر دو عمق (Kg m-2 57/2 در عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متری و Kg m-2 63/1 در عمق 40-20 سانتی‌متری) دارای بیشترین میزان ذخیره کربن بود. به عبارتی، خاک زیر اشکوب تاغ‌ 35/21 درصد از کل ذخیره کربن سطحی را به خود اختصاص داده و معادل66/116 تن در هکتار CO2 جذب شده در خاک دارا می‌باشد و حدود 5/3 برابر بیشتر از مناطق بین درختان تاغ می‌باشد. در نهایت، میزان CO2 جذب شده در خاک پوشش‌های مطالعاتی، به ترتیب دارای ارزش 45/8193 و 00/3018 دلار در هکتار در افق سطحی و زیر سطحی بود. مقایسه داده‌های کربن آلی خاک مربوط به سال‌های 1382 و 1396 در اراضی تحت کشت در افق سطحی خاک نشان از افزایش 60/10 و 23/19 درصد به ترتیب در باغات انار و پسته و در ارتباط با زعفران و جو نیز 5/3 تا 4 برابر افزایش نشان داده است. بنابراین، داشتن اطلاعات کافی از تغییرات (مثبت و منفی) در کربن آلی خاک با زمان به منظور ارزیابی اثرات مدیریت‌های متفاوت اراضی مختلف در افزایش فرآیند ذخیره کربن، می‌تواند در مدیریت پایدار اراضی به ویژه مناطق خشک کشور موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Vegetation Cover on Soil Carbon Storage and CO2 Fixation in Long-Term Land Uses in Bajestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Feizi 1
  • Sedigheh Maleki 2
  • reza poozeshi 3
1 Department of plant production, university of Torbat Heydarieh
2 PhD student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 PhD student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Land vegetation and soil degradation have considerable effects on greenhouse gas emissions resulting in global warming. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationsip between soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) and different vegetation cover/ land uses in two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) in the Bajestan, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. A total of 122 soil samples (two depths× 61 soil sampling sites= 122 soil samples) were collected including orchard (pomegranate, pistachio and saffron), farmland (barley), desert (under and between haloxylon shrubs), and pasture. Results showed that surface layer of desert lands covered by haloxylon shrubs (3.17 Kg m-2) and both soil depths in pomegranate orchards (2.57 kg m-2 in 0-20 cm and 1.63 kg m-2 in 20-40 cm) had the highest SOCS content. Furthermore, it was found that soils under haloxylon shrubs accounted for 21.35% of surface SOCS as well as for 116.66 tons ha-1of absorbed CO2 in the soil and about 3.5 times more than areas located between haloxylon shrubs. Finally, the economic value of CO2 absorbed in the soil of studied land covers is 8193.45 and 3018.00-dollars ha-1 for surface and subsurface horizons, respectively. Comparing of soil organic carbon (SOC) content over 2004-2018 in the cultivated lands showed the increasing trend about 10.60 and 19.23 percent and in saffron and barley increased by 3.5 and 4.0 fold, respectively. Overall, sufficient information about SOC variation (positive or negative) with time can be effective in sustainable lands management, particularly in arid regions of the country to evaluate effects of different land use managements for increasing in SOCS process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arid region
  • Soil organic carbon storage
  • Soil depth
  • Temporal changes
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