نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه/ارومیه/ایران

2 استادگروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگا ه ارومیه

3 دانشگاه ارومیه، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه خاکشناسی

چکیده

عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما یکی از مشکلات مهم نخلستان­های ایران است که کمیت و کیفیت میوه خرما را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تاثیر تنک خوشه به عنوان یک عامل مدیریتی بر روی عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما و ویژگی­های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی میوه­های خرمای رقم مضافتی بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. چهار تیمار تنک خوشه اعمال شد که شامل: T1، کوتاه کردن یک سوم کل خوشک­ها از نوک انتهایی در مرحله گرده افشانی (1/3 tippol)؛ T2، برداشتن یک سوم کل خوشک­ها در مرحله کیمری (1/3 skim)؛ T3،کوتاه کردن یک سوم کل خوشک­ها از نوک انتهایی در مرحله کیمری (1/3 tipkim)؛ T4، برداشت کامل برخی خوشه­ها (روش سنتی کشاورزان به عنوان شاهد) بودند. برخی ویژگی­های فیزیکی (درصد خوشه خشکیده، درصد میوه خشکیده، وزن میوه، طول و قطر میوه)، فیزیولوژیکی (میزان پرولین و کربوهیدرات کل، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و گایاکل پراکسیداز میوه خرما) و شیمیایی (مقدار پتاسیم و فسفر میوه خرما) نخل­های خرما اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که درصد خوشه­ها و میوه­های خشکیده در تیمارهای تنک 1/3 tippol و 1/3 skim در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد؛ به طور معنی­داری  (p ≤0.05)کاهش یافت. در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد؛ تیمارهای  1/3 tippolو 1/3 skim به طور معنی­داری (p ≤0.05) باعث افزایش وزن (%30)، قطر (%30)، میزان پرولین (%69)، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) (%90) و پتاسیم (K) (%13) میوه خرما شدند. می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد تیمارهای تنک 1/3 tippol و1/3 skim  به طور قابل ملاحظه­ای عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما را کاهش دادند. کوتاه کردن یک سوم کل خوشک­ها از نوک انتهایی در مرحله گرده افشانی به علت همزمانی گرده افشانی و تنک، به نخلداران منطقه توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of thinning practices on some physical, physiological characteristics, mineral elements and bunch fading disorder in Bam district

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hakimeh Ostovarzadeh 1
  • Abbas Samadi 2
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 3

1 Urmia university/Orumiyeh, Iran

2 Soil Science department, Agriculture faculty, Urmia university

3 Soil Science department, Agriculture faculty, Urmia university

چکیده [English]

Bunch fading disorder is one of the important problems in date palm orchards in Iran and influences the quantity and quality of fruits. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of bunch thinning as a management factor on bunch fading disorder, as well as physical, physiological and chemical characteristics of Mazafati date. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. Four bunch thinning treatments included: T1, shortening of 1/3 total strands from terminal tips in pollination stage (1/3 tippol); T2, removal of 1/3 total strands in kimri stage (1/3 skim); T3, shortening of 1/3 total strands from terminal tips in kimri stage (1/3 tipkim); T4, removal entire of some bunches (traditional thinning as control). Some physical (percent of faded bunches, percent of faded fruits, fruit’s weight, fruit’s length and diameter), physiological (fruit’s proline, total carbohydrates, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes) and chemical (potassium and phosphorus) characteristics of date palms were determined. The results indicated that the percent of faded bunches and fruits in 1/3 tippol and 1/3 skim treatments significantly (p < /em>≤0.05) decreased as compared to control. Treatments of 1/3 tippol and 1/3 skim significantly (p < /em>≤0.05) increased fruit’s weight (30%), fruit’s diameter (18%), proline (69%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme (90%) and potassium (K) (13%) as compared to control. It can be concluded that 1/3 tippol and 1/3 skim thinning treatments noticeably decreased bunch fading disorder. Shortening of 1/3 total strands from terminal tips in pollination stage is recommended to date palm owners of the region, due to the concurrency of thinning and pollination stage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidants
  • Date bunch fading disorder
  • Date palms
  • Thinning
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