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پاسخ‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال‌های دو رقم زیتون به تنش شوری ناشی از کلرور سدیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گیاهان دارویی

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

4 استاد، گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگا ارومیه

چکیده

شوری یکی از تنش­های مهم محیطی است که رشد و تولید محصول را در ایران محدود ساخته است. زیتون (Olea europea L.) یکی از مهم­ترین و گسترده­ترین درختان میوه در ناحیه مدیترانه می­باشد. در سال­های اخیر، سطح باغ­های زیتون در ایران گسترش قابل توجهی یافته است. به­علاوه، اغلب ارقام مورد استفاده در این باغ­ها ارقام خارجی می­باشند که اطلاعات کمی در مورد رفتار آن­ها در شرایط ایران و به­ویژه تحمل آن­ها در برابر شوری وجود دارد. از این رو، به­منظور مطالعه اثرات شوری کلرور سدیم بر برخی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال­های یک ساله دو رقم زیتون، یکی رقم میشن (یک رقم خارجی) و دیگری رقم ماری (یکی از مهم­ترین ارقام ایرانی)، یک آزمایش گلدانی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی و با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای شوری به­وسیله آبیاری با آب حاوی غلظت­های صفر، 25، 50، 100 و 200 میلی­مولار نمک کلرور سدیم اعمال گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که شوری کلرور سدیم اثر معنی­داری بر صفات مورد ارزیابی دارد. با افزایش غلظت نمک در آب آبیاری، ویژگی­های رشدی (ارتفاع نهال، تعداد و سطح برگ­ها، تعداد و طول شاخه­های جانبی، قطر ساقه، وزن تر و خشک برگ و ساقه و وزن خشک ریشه)، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، میزان کلروفیل و غلظت پتاسیم برگ کاهش یافت، در حالی­که میزان انباشت پرولین و قندهای محلول کل و غلظت سدیم و کلر در برگ­ها افزایش نشان داد. در مجموع، یافته­های این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم میشن به­واسطه­ی داشتن مقادیر پتاسیم، میزان کلروفیل و RWC بیشتر، انباشت بیشتر پرولین و قندهای محلول و تجمع کمتر یون­های سدیم و کلر در برگ­ها، از میزان مقاومت بیشتری نسبت به رقم ماری در برابر شوری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Olive (Olea europea L.) Cultivars Saplings to NaCl Salinity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Hassani 1
  • Habib Shirzad 2
  • Rasoul Jalili Marandi 3
  • Abbas Samadi 4

2 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran

3 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran

4 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran

چکیده [English]

Salinity is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth and productivity in Iran. Olive (Olea europea L.) is one of the most valuable and widespread fruit trees in the Mediterranean area. In the last years, the surface of olive orchards has increased considerably in Iran. Furthermore, cultivars used in these orchards are often foreign and little is known about their behavior under Iran climate conditions, especially about their tolerance to salinity. Hence, in order to study the effects of NaCl salinity on some morphological and physiological properties of one-year-old rooted cuttings of two olive cultivars (Mission (a foreign cultivar) and Mary (one of the most important Iranian cultivars)), a pot experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigation with water containing 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl. The results showed that NaCl salinity has significant effects on the parameters. The plants grow parameters (plant height, number and area of leaves, number and length of axillary shoots, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stems, dry weight of root) were decreased by increasing of NaCl concentration in irrigation water. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and leaf potassium concentration were decreased as well. However, converse effect was found in proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), and concentration of Na and Cl in leaves. Overall, the findings of this study showed that cv. Mission because of higher potassium concentration, chlorophyll content and RWC, higher accumulation of proline and TSS and lower concentration of Na and Cl in leaves was more resistant to salinity than cv. Mary.
 
Keywords: Growth parameters, Olive (Olea europea), Proline, Relative water content, Salinity 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth parameters
  • Olive (Olea europea)
  • Proline
  • Relative water content
  • Salinity stress
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 9، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 88-101
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 اسفند 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1400
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