ارزیابی توانایی پانزده جدایه از قارچ‏های میکوریز مانند درون‌زی در رهاسازی فسفر از کانی‌ فسفریت در کشتگاه آبکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزشی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگا بو علی سینا همدان

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

3 دانش آموخته گروه عاوم خک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

چکیده

پس از نیتروژن، فسفر پرکاربردترین عنصر برای رشد زایشی و رویشی گیاه بوده و در فرآیندهای زیستی جانداران کارایی ویژه دارد. هر چند فراوانی فسفر در خاک‌ها بالا بوده ولی ریخت‌فراهم آن برای گیاه بسیار ناچیز است. بنابراین بهره‌گیری از شیوه‌های زیستی برای افزایش زیست‌فراهمی آن بسیار سودمند است. در این پژوهش از 15 جدایه­ ‌‌قارچ‌های درون‌زی میکوریزمانند، برای افزایش گشایش فسفر از کانی فسفریت (پنج گرم بر لیتر) در دو کشتگاه بهبود یافته‌ پیکووسکایا با دو اندازه از خاستگاه کربن (گلوکز یک و هفت درصد) در چهار زمان و در سه تکرار استفاده شد. بررسی داده‌ها نشان داد که رهاسازی فسفر و کلسیم با کاهش pH کشتگاه آبکی همراه بوده و قارچ‌ها کارکرد بیش‌تری در کشتگاه دارای گلوکز هفت درصد داشته‌اند. هر 15 جدایه­ی قارچ­ها توان رهاسازی فسفر را داشته‌اند ولی بیش‌ترین اندازه رهاسازی فسفر به‌ترتیب با گونه‌هایAspergillus terreus ،Aspergillus calidoustus ، Alternaria consortialis و Alternaria botrytis در غلظت هفت درصد گلوکز به‌دست آمد که به‌ترتیب در روز سی‌ام نمونه‌برداری برابر 56/339، 19/334، 61/335 و 67/334 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بود. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین اندازه کلسیم آزادشده در کشتگاه با گلوکز هفت درصد در تیمارهای Aspergillus terreus و Aspergillus calidoustus به‌ترتیب 36/423 و 36/403 میلی ‌گرم بر لیتر به‌دست آمد. ولی بیش‌ترین رسانندگی الکتریکی در کشتگاه با هفت درصدگلوکز نیز در کشت Alternaria botrytis به‌دست آمد که در روز سی­ام برابر با 01/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. در کشت همه قارچ‌ها اندازه‌ کلسیم محلول و رسانندگی الکتریکی کشتگاه در بازه 30 روزه روند افزایشی داشت. کم‌ترین اندازه فسفر درون هیف قارچ­ها در کشتگاه هفت درصد به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای consortialis Alternariaو GiberllathapsinaوAlternariabotrytis بود. این پژوهش نشان از شیوه‌های گوناگون قارچ­های کارای میکوریزمانند و درون‌زی در گشایش کانی­ها و افزایش زیست­فراهمی عناصر خوراکی گیاه در خاک داشته که می­توانند در ساخت کودهای زیستی استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Capability of Fifteen Isolates of Mycorrhiza-like Endophytic Fungi on Release of Phosphorous from Phosphorite Mineral in the Aquatic Culture Medium

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nesa Ahadi 1
  • Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 2
  • Raheleh sadat Aletaha 3
1 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan
2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University
3 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus is the most widely used element for plant growth and development after nitrogen. Although the phosphorus content is high in soils, its bioavailability for plants is very low. Therefore, using biological methods to increase its bioavailability is very beneficial. In this study, 15 isolates of plant endophytic mycorrhiza-like fungi were used to increase phosphorus bioavailability in two soil phosphorite (5 g.L-1) modified Pikovskaya culture media with two concentrations of organic carbon (1% and 7% glucose) in three replications and sampled in four times. Analysis of the data showed that the release of phosphorus and calcium was associated with the reduction in pH of culture media. All fungi have the ability to release phosphorus and the ability of fungi was significantly higher in the 7% glucose concentration. The highest amount of solubilized phosphorus was obtained with inoculation of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus calidoustus, and Alternaria botrytis in the modified Pikovskaya culture medium with 7% glucose. The solubilized P concentration in 30th day of incubation was equal to 339.56, 334.19 and 334.64 mg L-1 respectively. Also, the highest amount of the dissolved calcium in the medium with 7% glucose in Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus calidoustus treatments was 423.36 and 403.36 mg L-1 respectively. However, the highest electrical conductivity in the medium with 7% glucose was obtained in the cultivation of Alternaria botrytis, which was equal to 3.01 dS m-1 in 30th day of incubation. The amount of the dissolved calcium and the electrical conductivity increased continuously over a period of time for thirty days. This may dependent on the pH reduction and mineral P solubilization by fungi. The analysis of biomass P in fungal hyphae showed that the fungi with lower ability in P release in solution had higher biomass P. The highest pH and biomass P was measured in the Penicilium sp. culture medium with the lowest EC and solubilized Ca. The lowest amount biomass P in 7% glucose in Alternaria botrytis, Giberlla thapsina and Alternaria consortialis treatments. This study revealed that mycorrhiza-like fungi had different methods in release of phosphorus from minerals and increase of P bioavailability in soil that can be used in the production of biofertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological fertilizers
  • Endophytic mycorrhiza-like fungi
  • Phosphorus mineral
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