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تأثیر کرم خاکی گونه Eisenia fetida در حضور ماده آلی برای زیست پالایی و فراهمی زیستی خاک‌های آلوده به کادمیوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شیمی و آلودگی دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

2 گروه آموزشی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بو علی سینا،همدان

چکیده

در زمینه ارزیابی خطرات زیست‌محیطی، کرم­های خاکی جزء مهمی از خاک بوده که از لحاظ اکولوژیکی به‌عنوان یک شاخص زیستی برای حفظ سلامت و کیفیت خاک در نظر گرفته می­شوند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف کارایی کرم­های خاکی Eisenia fetida در پالایش زیستی خاک­های آلوده به کادمیوم در حضور ماده آلی انجام شد. بدین منظور این تحقیق روی یک خاک آلوده نمونه‌برداری شده از معدن آهنگران در 26 کیلومتری شهرستان ملایر و زمین­های اطراف آن ، انجام شد. در این مطالعه شش نمونه خاک از عمق صفر تا 15 سانتی‌متری در فواصل متفاوت اطراف معدن و یک نمونه خاک (نمونه شاهد) از منطقه غیرآلوده جمع‌آوری شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با عامل اول نوع کودهای آلی (کود گاوی، پوره­ی هویج، ورمی کمپوست و شاهد) و عامل دوم وجود یا عدم وجود کرم خاکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 12 عدد کرم خاکی با وزن بین 3/0 تا 6/0 ­گرم برای هر نمونه خاک (300 گرم)، انتخاب شدند. کرم­ها به مدت 42 روز در معرض خاک­های آلوده به کادمیوم با غلظت 16/1 تا 66/6 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم قرار گرفتند. در پایان آزمایش غلظت کادمیوم در خاک و بدن کرم­های خاکی اندازه‌گیری شد.نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که کرم­های خاکی، ظرفیت­های متفاوتی برای جذب و تجمع کادمیوم دارند که این رفتار کرم­های خاکی حاصل از نوع رژیم غذایی کرم­های خاکی می‌باشد. بیش‌ترین غلظت کادمیوم در بافت کرم­های خاکی در تمام تیمارها در نقطه S3 ( نمونه خاک نمونه‌برداری شده از نقطه­ی سوم) یافت شد که این نقطه نسبت به سایر نقاط به این فلز آلوده­تر بود. هم‌چنین افزودن کود گاوی نسبت به سایر تیمارها باعث افزایش کادمیوم تجمعی در بافت کرم خاکی شد. غلظت کم کادمیوم در خاک منجر به بالا بودن فاکتور تجمع زیستی این فلز برای کرم­ خاکی شد که در این پژوهش مقدار فاکتور تجمع زیستی برای کادمیوم بیش‌تر از یک بدست آمد. کاربرد تیمارهای کود گاوی، ورمی کمپوست، پوره هویج به همراه کرم خاکی به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش معنی­دار 54/1، 03/1 و 38/1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم کادمیوم در بخش آلی و افزایش 02/3، 79/2 و 69/2 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم کادمیوم در بخش کربناته شد. بخش قابل استخراج که شامل اشکال قابل تبادل و کربناته و بخش آلی است، می‌تواند به عنوان یک شاخص خوب از لحاظ جذب قوی کادمیوم در خاک برای کرم­های خاکی باشد. به‌طور کلی، کاربرد کودهای آلی به همراه کرم خاکی باعث افزایش کادمیوم در بخش آلی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Eisenia fetida Earthworm in the Presence of Organic Matter for Bioremediation and Bioavailability of Cadmium in Contaminated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • ghasem rahimi 1
  • firouzeh norouzi 2

1 Assistant Prof. Soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University. Hamadan.

2 Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture,Bu Ali Sina University, hamedan

چکیده [English]

In terms of environmental hazard assessment, earthworms are ecologically important components of soil and considered as a biological indicator to maintain soil health and quality. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Eisenia fetida earthworms in the bioremediation of cadmium in contaminated soils. For this purpose, this study was carried out on a contaminated soil sampled from the Ahangaran mine, 26 Km far from the Malayer town and surrounding lands. In this study, six soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm depth at different intervals around the mine lands and one soil sample (control sample) from the non-polluted area. This experiment was investigated as a factorial in the form of a complete randomized block design with the first factor of organic fertilizers (cow manure, carrot pulp, vermicompost, and control) and the second factor was existence or absence of earthworms. Twelve earthworms with 0.3 to 0.6 g were selected for each soil sample (300 g). The worms were exposed to cadmium-contaminated soils at concentrations of 1.159 to 6.658 mg kg-1 for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of cadmium was measured in soil and whole body of earthworms. The results showed that earthworms have different capacities for absorbing and accumulating cadmium, which is the behavior of earthworms resulting from the diet of earthworms. The highest concentration of cadmium in the whole body of earthworms was found in all treatments at point S3 (soil sampled from the third point), which was more polluted than other sampling points. The addition of cow manure to other treatments also increased accumulation of cadmium in the soil worm tissue. The low concentration of cadmium in the soil led to the high bioaccumultion factor of this metal for earthworms. In this study, the amount of bioaccumultion factor for cadmium was more than one. Application of cow manure, vermicompost and carrot pulp treated with earthworms, significantly increased 1.54, 1.03, 1.38 mg kg-1 Cd in the organic fraction and increased 3.02, 2.79, 2.69 mg kg-1 Cd in the carbonate fraction. Extractable fraction, which contains exchangeable forms and carbonates and organic fraction, can be a good indicator of strong adsorption of cadmium in soil for earthworms. In general, the use of organic fertilizers with earthworms increased cadmium in the organic sector.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fractionation of metals
  • Cadmium uptake
  • Bioaccumulation factor
  • Eisenia fetida
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 9، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 116-129
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 شهریور 1399
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