نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه زنجان/دانشکده کشاورزی/گروه خاکشناسی/زنجان

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان

3 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک متغیرهای مهمی در فرآیند تولید رواناب و رسوب هستند. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی مهم‌ترین ویژگی­های مؤثر خاک بر تولید رواناب و رسوب در نوارهای حاصل از کشت گندم دیم انجام گرفت. برای این منظور سه کشتزار دیم با شیب متوسط 15 درصد و تحت شرایط آیش در جنوب‌غربی استان کرمانشاه انتخاب شد. در هر زمین شیارهایی به طول پنج متر و عرض و عمق 30 سانتی‌متر به‌وسیله دستگاه ردیف‌کار ایجاد شد. برای بررسی تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک، از جریان­هایی با شدت 5/0 و 5/1 لیتر بر دقیقه به مدت 60 دقیقه در سه تکرار استفاده شد و مقدار رواناب و هدررفت خاک از شیارها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو شدت جریان، مقدار رواناب و هدررفت خاک همبستگی منفی و معنی­دار با متغیرهای شن، رس، ماده آلی، نفوذپذیری و نسبت رس به سیلت داشتند (01/0p<) و در مقابل همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار با سیلت (01/0p<) و چگالی ظاهری خاک (05/0p<) داشتند. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون خطی چندگانه نشان داد که در شدت جریان 5/0 لیتر بر دقیقه با بهره­گیری از متغیرهای نسبت رس به سیلت، ماده آلی و نفوذپذیری خاک می­توان مقدار رواناب و هدررفت خاک از نوارهای کشت را به‌ترتیب با ضریب تعیین 94/0 و 81/0 برآورد نمود. هم‌چنین در شدت جریان 5/1 لیتر بر دقیقه با استفاده از مقدار ماده آلی و نفوذپذیری خاک می­توان مقدار رواناب و هدررفت خاک را به‌ترتیب با ضریب تعیین 90/0 و 94/0 برآورد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantifying the Effects of Physicochemical Soil Properties on Runoff and Soil Loss in Rainfed Wheat Cultivation Strips

نویسندگان [English]

  • jalal heidary 1
  • Ali Reza Vaezi 2
  • Mohammad Amir Delavar 3

1 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan

2 Associate Professor of Soil Science, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan

3 Associate Professor

چکیده [English]

Soil physicochemical properties are important variables in runoff production and soil loss. This research was conducted to find the most important soil properties affecting runoff and soil loss in rainfed wheat furrows under fallow condition. To this end, three rainfed landswith 15% slope gradient were selected in south west of Kermanshah province. In each land, furrows with 5 m in length and 30 cm in width were created using sowing set. Runoff and sediment were measured using simulated flows with a discharge of 0.5 and 1.5 lit.min-1 for 60 minutes in three replications. The results showed that in the two flow discharges (0.5 and 1.5 lit.min-1) runoff and soil loss are negatively correlated with clay, sand, soil permeability (If), organic matter and clay to silt ratio (p<0.01), while positive correlations were found between them and silt (p< 0.01) and bulk density (p< 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that runoff production and soil loss by a 0.5 lit.min-1 flow discharge can be estimated using using the clay to silt ratio, organic matter and soil permeability (If) with a R2 of 0.94 and 0.81, respectively. Runoff production and soil loss by a 1.5 lit.min-1 flow discharge can be estimated using soil organic matter and soil permeability (If) with a R2 of 0.90 and 0.94, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flow discharge
  • linear regression
  • particle size distribution
  • organic matter content
  • soil permeability
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