ارزیابی تأثیر اصلاح کننده‌های آلی و شیمیایی بر بعضی شاخص‌های شیمیایی خاک-های شور-سدیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

4 مرکز تحقیقات و ترویج کشاورزی هرمیستون ، دانشگاه ایالتی اورگان امریکا

چکیده

در این پژوهش تأثیر بهسازهای آلی (ورمی­کمپوست و بیوچار) و شیمیایی (گچ و گوگرد عنصری) و تلفیق ورمی­کمپوست و تیمارهای شیمیایی بر امکان اصلاح یک خاک شور- سدیمی بررسی شد. این پژوهش بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. نمونه­های خاک پس از اختلاط با تیمارهای مختلف به مدت 120 روز در رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه نگهداری و سپس برخی از مهمترین ویژگی­های شیمیایی و تغذیه­ای خاک تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که ورمی­کمپوست باعث کاهش معنی­دار pH خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد شده است و تلفیق این تیمار با گوگرد عنصری با کاهش 75/0 تا 95/0 واحدی در pH خاک مؤثرترین تیمار در بهبود این شاخص بود. همه تیمارها با افزایش غلظت املاح محلول (مانند یون­های کلسیم و منیزیم) و جایگزینی برخی از این یون­ها با سدیم تبادلی خاک موجب افزایش قابل توجه هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و نسبت جذب سدیم (SAR) خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند. در بین تیمارها، تیمار ورمی کمپوست و گچ با افزایش 8/2 تا 8/3 دسی زیمنس بر متر EC و 6/8 تا 3/9 واحدی در SAR نسبت به شاهد بیشترین تأثیر را بر این دو ویژگی خاک داشتند. در حالی که آزادسازی مستقیم عناصر غذایی از تیمارهای آلی و بهبود شرایط شیمیایی خاک توسط تیمارهای ترکیبی و شیمیایی موجب افزایش معنی­دار شکل قابل دسترس فسفر، آهن و روی شده بود، تیمارهای منفرد شیمیایی تأثیر بسیار ناچیزی بر افزایش این عناصر داشتند. در مجموع کاربرد ترکیبی تیمارهای شیمیایی و آلی (ورمی کمپوست) به­طور مؤثرتری نسبت به تیمارهای منفرد باعث بهبود شرایط نامطلوب شیمیایی خاک شور- سدیمی و افزایش حاصلخیزی آن شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the Impact of Organic and Chemical Amendments on some Chemical Indicators of Saline-Sodic Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • salar rezapour 1
  • mohsen barin 2
  • Farrokh Asadzadeh 3
  • A. Nouri 4
1 Soil Science Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Soil Science Department, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran
3 1Soil Science Department, Urmia University,, Urmia,, I.R. Iran
4 Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA
چکیده [English]

In the current study, the effect of organic (vermicompost and biochar) and chemical (gypsum and elemental sulfur) amendments and combination of vermicompost and chemical treatments on the possibility of improving a saline-sodic soil was investigated. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse condition. After mixing with different treatments, soil samples were kept in the field capacity for 120 days and then some of the most important chemical and nutritional properties of the soils were determined. The results showed that vermicompost caused a significant decrease in soil pH compared to the control treatment and its combination with elemental sulfur was the most effective treatment in improving pH (a drop of 0.75 to 0.95 unit in soil pH). All treatments significantly increased soil EC and SAR compared to the control treatment by increasing the concentration of soluble salts (such as Ca+2 and Mg+2) and replacing some of these ions with soil exchangeable Na. Among the treatments, vermicompost and gypsum had the greatest impact on EC and SAR by an increase of 2.8 to 3.8 dS m-1 in EC and 8.6 to 9.3 units in SAR. While available P, Fe, and Zn significantly increased by the direct release of nutrients from organic compounds and the improvement of soil chemical conditions following using the combination of organic (vermicompost) and chemical treatments, the individual chemical treatments had little effect on the improvement of elements. Overall, the combined application of chemical and organic treatments (vermicompost) more effectively than individual treatments has improved the unfavorable chemical conditions of saline-sodic soil and increased its fertility.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Saline-sodic soil
  • Vermicompost
  • Biochar
  • Gypsum
  • Soil remediation

مراجع

Brady NC., and Weil RR. 2016. The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. pp. 1089.
Chávez-García E., and Siebe C. 2019. Rehabilitation of a highly saline-sodic soil using a rubble barrier and organic amendments. Soil and Tillage Research, 189:176-88.
Dahlawi S., Naeem A., Rengel Z., and Naidu R. .2018. Biochar application for the remediation of salt-affected soils: Challenges and opportunities. Science of the Total Environment, 625:320-35.
Griffin DE., Wang D., Parikh SJ., and Scow KM. 2017. Short-lived effects of walnut shell biochar on soils and crop yields in a long-term field experiment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2; 236:21-9.
FAO. 2000. Global network on integrated soil management for sustainable use of salt-affected soils. Country Specific Salinity Issues—Iran. Rome, Italy. pp. 51.
Hazelton PA., and Murphy BW. 2007. Interpretation of soil test results (what do all the numbers mean?). CSIRO publishing 150 Oxford Street (PO Box 1139) Collingwood VIC 3066, Australia. pp. 151.
Ippolito JA., Stromberger ME., Lentz RD., and Dungan RS. 2014. Hardwood biochar influences calcareous soil physicochemical and microbiological status. J Environ Qual 43:681–689.
IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015: International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106, p.192.
Kim YJ., Choo BK., and Cho JY. 2017. Effect of gypsum and rice straw compost application on improvements of soil quality during desalination of reclaimed coastal tideland soils: Ten years of long-term experiments. Catena, 156:131-8.
Mahmud M., Abdullah R., and Yaacob JS. 2018. Effect of vermicompost amendment on nutritional status of sandy loam soil, growth performance, and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2) under field conditions. Agronomy, 8(9):183.
Qayyum MF., Liaquat F., Rehman RA., Gul M., Hye MZ., Rizwan M., and Rehaman MZ. 2017. Effects of co-composting of farm manure and biochar on plant growth and carbonmineralization in an alkaline soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24:26060–26068.
Rezapour S. 2014. Effect of sulfur and composted manure on SO4-S, P and micronutrient availability in a calcareous saline–sodic soil. Chemistry and Ecology, 30(2): 147-155.
Rezapour S., Kalashypour E., Asadzadeh F. 2017 Assessment of the quality of salt-affected soils after irrigation and cultivation in semi-arid condition. International Journal of Environmental Research, 11(3):.301-313.
Rezapour S., and Kalashypour E. 2019. Effects of irrigation and cultivation on the chemical indices of saline–sodic soils in a calcareous environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(3):1501-1514.
Sahab S., Suhani I., Srivastava V., Chauhan PS., Singh RP., and Prasad V. 2020. Potential risk assessment of soil salinity to agroecosystem sustainability: current status and management strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 17:144-164.
Sappor DK, Osei BA, Ahmed MR (2017) Reclaiming sodium affected soil: The potential of organic amendments. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science.16(2):1-1.
Sekhon BS., and Bajwa MS. 1993. Effect of organic matter and gypsum in controlling soil sodicity in rice-wheat-maize system irrigated with sodic waters. Agricultural water management, 1;24(1):15-25.
Singh K., Pandey VC., Singh B., Patra DD., and Singh RP. 2016. Effect of fly ash on crop yield and physico-chemical, microbial and enzyme activities of sodic soils. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 1;15(11).
Soil Survey Staff 2014. Keys to soil taxonomy. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. pp. 353.
Sparks DL. 2003. Environmental soil chemistry: An overview. Environmental soil chemistry, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York. pp. 368.
Sparks DL., Page AL., Helmke PA., and Loeppert RH. 2020. Methods of soil analysis, part 3: Chemical methods. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1424.
Wong VN., Greene RS., Dalal RC., and Murphy BW. 2010. Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils: a review. Soil Use and Management, 26(1):2-11.
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 9، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 31-42

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 مرداد 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار