فرسایش‌پذیری خاک و تغییرات مکانی آن در مناطق تحت عملیات حفاظت خاک در منطقه بهبهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی بهبهان، بهبهان ایران

2 گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران

چکیده

برای کنترل فرسایش خاک اقدامات مختلفی انجام می­گیرد که اطلاع از تأثیر این گونه اقدامات اهمیت زیادی در مدیریت فرسایش دارد. به‌همین دلیل این مطالعه با هدف بررسی شاخص فرسایش­پذیری خاک (K) و تغییرات مکانی آن در یک منطقه­ تحت عملیات درخت‌کاری و کنتور­فارو و یک منطقه مشابه بدون این عملیات در منطقه چاه­ماری بهبهان (استان خوزستان) انجام شد. تعداد 150 نمونه خاک از پنج سانتی­متر سطحی برداشته شد و مقدار K به روش‌های ویشمایر و اسمیت (روش A) و واعظی و همکاران (روش B) تعیین گردید. مدل­سازی K با استفاده از تکنیک­های نقشه­برداری رقومی خاک (DSM) بر اساس متغیرهای محیطی استخراج شده از تصویر لندست 8 و مدل رقومی ارتفاع (DEM) و توسط مدل­های جنگل تصادفی (RF) و شبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی (ANN) انجام شد. میانگین K روش­های A و B به ترتیب برابر با 067/0 و 006/0 تن بر هکتار ساعت بر هکتار مگاژول میلی­متر بود. نتایج بیانگر همبستگی بالا بین K به‌دست آمده از هر دو روش و داده­های سنجش از دور بود. بین K روش B با برخی متغیرهای استخراج شده از DEM همبستگی معنی­داری وجود داشت، ولی بین این متغیرها با K روش A همبستگی معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین­ها نیز نشان داد بین میانگین K به‌دست آمده از روش A در منطقه شاهد با منطقه اجرای عملیات کنترل فرسایش تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت؛ ولی این تفاوت برای K روش B معنی­دار نبود. ارزیابی کارآیی مدل­ها نشان داد که هر دو مدل RF و ANN کارآیی نسبتاً بالایی در تخمین K از طریق دو روش A و B داشتند و هر دو روش منجر به تخمین­های نااریب گردیدند. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که هر چند کارآیی روش­های DSM در مدل­سازی K بالا بود، ولی نتایج کارایی مدل­ها و مقایسه تیمارهای مختلف حفاظت خاک به روش تعیین K همبستگی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Erodibility and its Spatial Variation in Areas under Erosion Control Measures in Behbahan Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maliheh Jahandideh 1
  • Alireza Amirian-Chakan 2
  • Mohammad Faraji 3
  • Masoud Jafarizadeh 3
1 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

To control soil erosion, several measures can be conducted which information on their effects is very important in managing soil erosion. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and model soil erodibility in two adjacent sites in Behbahan region (Khuzestan province). At one site afforestation and contour furrowing were conducted to control soil erosion and the other site without any controlling measures was considered as control. Totally 150 soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0-5 cm) and K was estimated using the methods introduced by Wischmeier and Smith (method A) and Vaezi et al. (method B). For spatial modelling of K, based on digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques, several environmental covariates were derived from a Landsat 8 image and a digital elevation model (DEM) and two models including random forests (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed. The values of K for methods A and B varied from 0.025 to 0.087 and 0.002 to 0.008 t.ha.h/ha.Mj.mm with means of 0.067 and 0.006 t.ha.h/ha.Mj.mm, respectively. Results revealed good correlation between K and remotely sensed covariates. Although K (method B) had significant correlation with some of the covariates derived from DEM, but there was no significant correlation between K (method A) with all covariates derived from DEM. Results indicated a significant difference between two sites it terms of K estimated by method A, while there was no significant difference in case of K estimated by method B. Model validation showed that both RF and ANN models resulted in good and unbiased estimates of K (methods A and B). In general, the findings indicated, although the performance of DSM techniques in modeling K were high, performances of the models and the results of means compassion may significantly differ in terms of the method through which K is estimated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digital soil mapping
  • Machine learning
  • Soil erosion
  • Spatial modeling
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