تعیین اولویت کشت برخی از درختان میوه با استفاده از برنامه ALES

موسوی, مریم; عباسی, آیدا; ثروتی, مسلم; باریکلو, علی

تعیین اولویت کشت برخی از درختان میوه با استفاده از برنامه ALES

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

² استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

³ عضو هیئت علمی

⁴ دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

ارزیابی تناسب اراضی براساس دستورالعمل فائو پرکاربردترین روش ارزیابی است. از مشکلات این روش عدم وجود جدولهای نیازهای تیپهای بهرهوری باغی است. سامانه ارزیابی اراضی خودکار (ALES) یک برنامه میکرورایانهای است که به کاربر اجازه میدهد بر اساس دانش متخصصان، تناسب فیزیکی اراضی را در واحدهای اراضی با استناد به دستورالعمل فائو انجام دهد. هدف از این تحقیق، کاربرد برنامه ALES‌ برای تعیین اولویت کشت در منطقه ملکان برای تیپهای بهرهوری انگور، سیب و هلو میباشد. بدین منظور دادههای مرفولوژیکی و آزمایشگاهی 13 خاکرخ شاهد واحدهای مختلف اراضی که براساس روش ژئوپدولوژی تفکیک شدهاند، اخذ گردید. سپس میانگین وزنی دادهها برای عمق صفر تا 150 سانتیمتری تعیین و وارد برنامه ALES شد. نتایج ارزیابی اقلیمی نشان داد که منطقه برای هر سه تیپ بهرهوری انتخابی کاملاً مناسب میباشد. با این حال حاشیه رود لیلانچای بهدلیل برخورداری از شرایط میکروکلیمای مناسب از عملکرد بهتری برخوردار بود. از نظر خاکی نیز کربنات کلسیم و بافت بهعنوان مهمترین ویژگیهای محدودکننده رشد تیپهای بهرهوری انتخابی در منطقه مورد مطالعه بودند. نقشههای اولویت کشت تهیه شده در محیط GIS با ALES، نشان داد که ۱۰۰ ، ۷۰ و ۲۸ درصد از کل منطقه بهترتیب برای انگور، سیب و هلو مناسب (S₁ و S₂) میباشد. همچنین اولویت احداث باغ در منطقه بهصورت انگور، سیب و هلو ارزیابی شد. در پایان، به نظر میرسد که برنامه ALES بتواند برای ارزیابی تناسب اراضی درختان میوه در مناطق نیمهخشک مانند آذربایجانشرقی، برای فرموله کردن سامانههای کشاورزی پایدار مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Cultivation Priority of Some Fruit Trees by ALES Program

نویسندگان [English]

Maryam Musavi ¹
Ayda Abbasi ²
Moslem Servati ³
Ali Barikloo ⁴

¹ MSc Graduated, Universitty of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

² Assistance Professor, Soil science and engineering department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

³ Shahid Bakeri High Education of Miandoab, Urmia University

⁴ -PhD student, Soil science and engineering department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Land suitability evaluation Based on FAO's Framework is the most widely used assessment method. One of the failures of this method is a lack of crop requirements attribute for fruit trees. The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES), is a microcomputer program that allows to the users to build their own knowledge-based systems which they can evaluate the physical suitability of land units, based on the FAO's Framework. The main destination of this research was to apply ALES program for land use suitability determination of grape, apple and peach in Malekan region (East Azerbaijan province). For this purpose, soil morphological and analytical data were carried out for 13 lands unites based on geopedological methods. The control section data between 0 and 150 cm were calculated by “soil layer generator” to apply and run the ALES program. Climate evaluation showed that the study area is completely suitable for each three land uses. The main recognized soil limitation factors were calcium carbonate and texture in the total of study area for selected land uses. Application of ALES program revealed that 100% of study region is suitable (S1 and S2) for grape, 70% for apple and 28% for peach. Also, land use could be arranged according to their land suitability classes as follows: peach < apple < grape. This arrangement reflects the priority for agricultural uses. Finally, ALES program appears to be useful in semi-arid regions, such as East Azarbaijan, for fruits trees land suitability evaluation, and formulate sustaining agro-ecological systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Expert knowledge
FAO framework
Land index
Land suitability
Malekan

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