تأثیر لجن فاضلاب بر پالایش سبز باطله ­های کارخانه معدن طلای موته توسط کینوا  (Chenopodium quinoa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک

2 هیات علمی دانشگاه یزد

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر لجن فاضلاب بر جذب برخی فلزهای سنگین توسط گیاه  کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa L.)  از باطله­های کارخانه معدن طلای موته انجام شد. برای این منظور، تأثیر سطوح صفر، 20 و 40 تن در هکتار لجن فاضلاب بر غلظت، جذب و فاکتور تغلیظ زیستی و انتقال سرب، کادمیم و نیکل در سه رقم کینوا (Q29، Red carina و Titicaca) بررسی شد. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، تأثیر نوع رقم کینوا، سطوح مختلف لجن فاضلاب و اثرات متقابل تیمارها بر غلظت سرب و نیکل ریشه و شاخساره، غلظت کادمیم ریشه و فاکتور تغلیظ زیستی و انتقال سرب معنی­دار بود. در رقم Titicaca، کاربرد 40 تن بر هکتار لجن فاضلاب باعث افزایش معنی­دار غلظت نیکل ریشه و شاخساره و غلظت کادمیم ریشه و کاهش معنی­دار غلظت سرب شاخساره و فاکتور تغلیظ زیستی و انتقال سرب گردید. در رقم Red carina نیز، غلظت سرب ریشه و شاخساره، فاکتور تغلیظ زیستی سرب، غلظت کادمیم ریشه و غلظت نیکل شاخساره گیاهان تیمارشده با سطح 40 تن بر هکتار لجن فاضلاب به­طور معنی­داری بیش‌تر از تیمار شاهد بود. هم‌چنین، کاربرد لجن فاضلاب باعث کاهش معنی­دار فاکتور انتقال کادمیم و افزایش جذب کل و فاکتور تغلیظ زیستی نیکل گردید. به­طور کلی، بیش‌ترین غلظت سرب شاخساره، جذب کل سرب، فاکتور تغلیظ زیستی کادمیم و فاکتور انتقال کادمیم و نیکل در رقم Q29 مشاهده شد. در حالی­که غلظت کادمیم شاخساره و غلظت نیکل ریشه دو رقم Red carina و Titicaca به­طور معنی­داری بیش‌تر از رقم Q29 بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، رقم Q29 قابلیت انباشت خوبی برای فلزهای سنگین مورد مطالعه داشته و می­تواند گونه مناسب برای پالایش خاک­های آلوده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sewage sludge on the phytoremediation of Muteh gold factory tailings by quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.)

نویسنده [English]

  • fatemeh afzalinejad 1
1 department of soil science
2
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sewage sludge on the uptake of some heavy metals by Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.) from the tailings of Mouteh Gold Mine. For this purpose, the effects of 0, 20 and 40 ton ha-1 sewage sludge on the concentration, uptake, bioconcentration and translocation factor of Pb, Cd and Ni in the three cultivars of Quinoa (Q29, Red carina and Titicaca) were investigated. According to the results, the effect of Quinoa cultivar, different levels of sewage sludge and the interaction effects of treatments on the Pb and Ni concentration of roots and shoots, root Cd concentration and bioconcentration and translocation factor of Pb were significant. In the Titicaca cultivar, application of 40 ton ha-1 of sewage sludge significantly increased root and shoot Ni concentration and root Cd concentration, and significantly decreased shoot Pb concentration and bioconcentration and translocation factor o Pb. In the Red carina cultivar, the concentration of root and shoot Pb, biological accumulation factor of Pb, root Cd concentration and shoot Ni concentration of plants treated with 40 ton ha-1 of sewage sludge were significantly higher than control treatment. Also, application of sewage sludge significantly reduced translocation factor of Cd and increased total uptake and biological accumulation factor of Ni. In general, the highest shoot Pb concentration, total Pb uptake, biological accumulation factor of Cd, and translocation factor of Cd and Ni were observed in cultivar Q29. Whereas, shoot Cd and root Ni concentrations of the Red carina and Titicaca cultivars were significantly higher than the Q29 cultivar. Based on the results, Q29 cultivar has good accumulation ability for the studied heavy metals and can be a suitable species for the remediation of contaminated soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Heavy metals
  • Mouteh gold mine
  • Phytoremediation
  • Quinoa
  • Sewage sludge
Abouian Jahromi, M., Khodadadi Darban A., Jamshidi Zanjani A., and Sharifizade Moghadam H. 2017. Qualitative mapping of surface soil contamination around Irankou Lead_Zinc mine. Iranian Journal of Mining Engineering, 12(37): 65-79 (In Persian)
Asad S., Farooq A.M.,  Afzal A., and West H. 2019. Integrated phytobial heavy metals remediation strategies for sustainable clean environment-A review. Chemosphere, 217: 925-41.
Ashraf S., Ali Q., Zahir Z.A., Ashraf, S., and Asghar, H.N. 2019. Phytoremediation: environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 174: 714-27.
Benton J., and Case, V.W. 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples, P 389-428. In: Westerman, R.L. (ed.). Soil testing and plant analysis. 3rd Ed. Book series No. 3. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, WI., USA.
Bremner J.M., and Mulvaney, C.S. 1982. Total Nitrogen. Pp.595-622. In: page, A.L, Miller, R.H., Keeney, R.R. (Eds), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Aragon Monogr,9,ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Bhargava A., Shukla  S., and Ohri  D. 2008. Chenopodium: a prospective plant for phytoextractio. Industrial Crops and Products, 23, 73–87.
Cheraghi M., Balmaki  B. 2007. Investigation of environmental effects of lead and zinc mine of blacksmiths on "Lashgardar" protected area of Hamedan province. Environmental Sciences and Technology, 9(3): 175- 183 (In Persian)
Daharazma B., Rahmati Sh., Asghari H.R., Sadeghian M. 2015. Evaluation of the effect of abandoned copper beet copper mine on the concentration of heavy elements in soil and native plants of the region (southwest of Abbasabad). 27(10): 81-94. (In Persian)
Das S., Goswami S., and Das­Talukadar A. 2016. Physiological responses of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes Solms, to cadmium and its phytoremediation potential. Turkish Jiurnal of Biology, 40: 84-94.
Falahati Marvast A., Hoseinipor A., and Tabatabaei S.H. 2013. Effect of salinity and sewage sludge on heavy metal availability and uptake by barley plant. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Sciences and Industries), 27(5): 997-985. (In Persian)
FAO. 2011. Quinoa; an acient crop to contribute to world food security. 63p.
Flowers T.J. 2004 Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experiment Botany, 55(396): 307-319.
Granato T.C., Pietz R.I., Knafl G.J., Carlson C.R., Tata J.P., and Lue-Hing C. 2004. Trace element concentrations in soil, corn leaves, and grain after cessation of biosolids applications. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33: 2078–2089.
Grobelak A., Placek A., Grosser A., Singh B.R., Almås A.R., Napora A., and Kacprzak M. 2017. Effects of single sewage sludge application on soil phytoremediation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155: 189-197.
Gupta  A.K., and Sinha S. 2007. Phytoextraction capacity of the Chenopodium album L. grown on soil amended with tannery sludg. Bioresource Technology, 98: 42-44.
Hesse P.R. 1971. A text book of soil chemical analysis. John Murray, London.
Hejazizadeh A., Gholamalizadeh Ahangar A., and Ghorbani M. 2016. Effect of biochar on lead and cadmium uptake from applied paper factory sewage sludge by sunflower (Heliantus annus L.). Water and Soil Science, 26(1/2): 259-271. (In Persian)
Jaikishun S., Li W., Yang Z., and Song S. 2019. Quinoa: In perspective of global challenges. Agronomy, 9: 176-190.
Jia  Y., Tang  S., Wang  R., Ju, X., Ding Y., Tu S., and Smith D.L. 2010. Effects of elevated CO2 on growth, photosynthesis, elemental composition, antioxidant level and phytochelatin concentration in Loliummutiforum and Loliumperenne under Cd stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 180: 384-394.
Kabata-Pendias, A., and Pendias H. 2000. Trace element in soils and plants (3th Ed.).CRC Press. Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Karimi A., Khodaverdiloo H., and Rasouli-Sadaghiani M.H.  2018. Microbial-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated calcareous soil by Centaurea cyanus L. Clean - Soil, Air, Water. 46(2): 1700665.
Karimi A., Khodaverdiloo, H., and Rasouli-Sadaghiani M.H. 2018. Plant tolerance, accumulation and remediation of Pb by three rangeland plant species in a calcareous soil in west Azerbaijan province . Journal of Natural Environment, 70(4): 907-922. (In Persian)
Karimi A., Khodaverdiloo, H., and Rasouli Sadaghiani, M.H. 2013. Enhanced soil Pb extraction by acroptilon (Acroptilon Repens) through inoculation with some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 20(3): 193-210. (In Persian)
Khodaverdiloo H., Fengxiang X.H., Hamzenejad Taghlidabada R., Karimi A., Moradi N. and Kazery J.A. 2020. Potentially toxic element contamination of arid and semiarid soils and its phytoremediation. Arid Land Research and Managment, 57: 135-165.
Khodaverdiloo H. and Hamzenejad Taghlidabad R. 2014. Phytoavailability and potential transfer of Pb from a salt-affected soil to Atriplex verucifera, Salicornia europaea and Chenopodium album. Chemistry and Ecology, 30(3): 216-226.
Lwina C.S., Seoa B.H., Kima H.U., Owensb J., and Kim K.R. 2018. Application of soil amendments to contaminated soils for heavy metal immobilization and improved soil quality-a critical review. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 64: 156-167.
Marofi S., Parsafar  N., Rahim  GH., Dashti  F., and Marofi H. 2013. The effects of wastewater reuse on potato growth properties under greenhouse-lysimeteric condition. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10: 133-140.
Mortazavi S., Rahmani G., and Chamani A. 2017. Biomonitoring of heavy metals using Phragmites australis in Hashilan wetland, Kermanshah. Environmental Science and Technology, 19 (4): 69-67. (In Persian)
Naderi M.R., Danesh Shahraki A., and Naderi R. 2013. Some enhancer methods of heavy metals phytoremediation efficiency. Hyuman and Environment, 10(22): 38-28. (In Persian)
Nazari M., Shariatmadari H., Afioni M., Mobli M., and Rahili Sh. 2006. Effect of industrial sewage-sludge and effluents application on concentration of some elements and dry matter yield of Wheat, Barley and Corn. Journal Of Science And Technology Of Agriculture And Natural Resources Source , 10(3): 110-97. (In Persian)
Nelson  D.W., and Sommers L.E. 1986. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Pp.539-579. In: Page AL (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.USA.
Ogundiran M.B., Mekwunyei N.S., and Adejumo S.A. 2018. Compost and biochar assisted phytoremediation potentials of Moringa oleifera for remediation of lead contaminated soil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(2): 2206-2213.
Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S., and Dean C.A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agricultur Circular, No. 939, 19(1945).
Ortiz O., and Alkaniz J.M. 2006. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Dactylis glomerata L. growing in a calcareous soil amended with sewage sludge. Journal of Bioresource Technology, 97: 545-552.
Park J. H., Lamb D., Paneerselvam P., Choppala G., Bolan N., Chung J.W.  2011. Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185: 549-574.
Phillips  D. and Human L. 2015. Wetland plants as indicators of heavy metal contamination. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 15: 227-232.
Pérez-de-Mora A., Burgos P., Cabrera F., and Madejón E. 2007. “In Situ” amendments and revegetation reduce trace element leaching in a contaminated soil. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 185: 209-222
Placek A., Grobelak A., and Kacprzak M. 2016. Improving the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by use of sewage sludge. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 18: 605-618.
Sarwar, N., Imran, M. Shaheen, M. R Ishaque, W. Kamran, M. A Matloob, A. Rehim, A.and Hussain S. 2017. Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: Modifications and future perspectives. Chemosphere, 171: 710-21.
SEPAC 1995. State Environmental Protection Administration of China, Beijing. Chinese ‎environmental quality ‎standards for soils.‎
Singh R.P., and Agrawal, M. 2010. Biochemical and physiological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown on different sewage sludge amendments rates. Bulletin of  Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 84(5): 606-612.
Singh S., Saxena R., Pandey K., Bhatt K., and Sinha S. 2004. Response of antioxidants in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on different amendments of tannery sludge: its metal accumulation potential. Chemosphere, 57: 1663-1673.
Shrestha P., Bellitürk K., and Görres J.H. 2019. Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by Switchgrass: A comparative study utilizing different composts and coir fiber on pollution remediation, plant productivity, and nutrient leaching. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16: 1261-1276.
Vazquez  S., Goldsbrough P., and Carpena R.O. 2009. Comparative analysis of the contribution of phytochelatins to cadmium and arsenic tolerance in soybean and white lupen. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 63-67.
Wei S., Li Y., Zhoua Q., Srivastavac M., Chiud S., Zhane J., Wua Z., and Sun T. 2010. Effect of fertilizer amendments on phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by a newly discovered hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176: 269-273.
Wilson C., Redd J.J., and Abo-Kassem E. 2002. Effect of mixed-salt salinity on growth and ion relations of a quinoa and a wheat variety. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(12): 2689-2704.
Yang X.E., Long X.X., Calvert D.V., and Stofella P.J. 2004. Cadmium tolerance and hyperaccumulation in a new Znhyperaccumulating plant species (Sedium alfredii Hance). Plant Soil, 259: 181-189.