نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 دانشیار گروه آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

فرآیند جدا شدن ذرات خاک به‌وسیله قطرات باران و انتقال آن‌ها بر اثر پاشمان و یا جریان سطحی، نقش اساسی در کاهش باروری خاک و آلودگی آب‌ دارد. درجه شیب دامنه و نوع خاک می‌توانند از عوامل اساسی مؤثر بر فرایندهای فرسایش بین‌شیاری در مناطق نیمه‌خشک باشند؛ بنابراین مشخص شدن اینکه کدام بافت‌های خاک در چنین دامنه‌هایی، حساسیت بیشتری به فرایندهای فرسایش بین‌شیاری دارند، بسیار حائز اهمیت است. این پژوهش نیز به منظور بررسی تأثیر تندی شیب سطح بر شدت فرسایش بین‌شیاری در خاک‌های با بافت مختلف در منطقه نیمه‌خشک انجام گرفت. برای این منظور آزمایش در هشت خاک با بافت مختلف (رس‌سیلتی، رسی، شن‌لومی، شنی، لوم، لوم‌رس‌شنی، لوم‌رسی و لوم‌شنی) در سه درجه شیب (10، 20 و 30 درصد) تحت باران شبیه‌سازی شده با شدت ثابت 30 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در سه تکرار با مجموع 72 واحد آزمایشی اجرا شد. فرسایش بین‌شیاری در فاصله زمانی یک دقیقه از آغاز رواناب در هر یک از واحدهای آزمایشی اندازه گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که فرسایش بین‌شیاری در همه خاک‌ها تحت تأثیر بافت خاک (P<0.0001)، شیب سطح (P<0.0001) و برهم‌کنش میان آن دو (P<0.0001) است. خاک لوم، حساس‌ترین بافت خاک به فرسایش بین‌شیاری (76/10 گرم بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) و خاک شنی مقاوم‌ترین خاک از این نظر (75/0 گرم بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) بود. در خاک‌های با بافت ریز و متوسط که هدایت هیدرولیکی کم‌تری نسبت به خاک‌های درشت‌بافت داشتند، با وجود ساختمان نسبتاً مناسب، فرسایش بین‌شیاری زیاد بود. این موضوع به دلیل تولید جریان سطحی زیاد و نیز وجود ذرات ریز قابل انتقال بیشتر مانند سیلت بود. با افزایش درصد شیب، مقدار فرسایش بین‌شیاری در همه بافت‌ها به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت، با این وجود تأثیر شیب سطح بر وقوع فرسایش بین‌شیاری در خاک‌های ریزبافت بارزتر از خاک‌های درشت‌بافت بود. این موضوع نشان می‌دهد که جلوگیری از فرسایش سطحی در خاک‌های ریزبافت به‌ویژه در دامنه‌های شیبدار در منطقه زنجان ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating The Susceptibility of Semi-arid Soils with Different Texture to Interrill Erosion in Relation to Slope Sharpness in Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Foroumadi 1
  • Ali Reza Vaezi 2
  • jaefar nikbakht 3

1 Ph.D. Student of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan

2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan

3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Zanjan

چکیده [English]

The process of soil particles splash by raindrops and their transport by splash or surface shallow flow is considered as interrill erosion, which can reduce soil fertility and cause surface water pollution. Slope gradient and soil type can be the main factors affecting interrill erosion processes in semi-arid regions; therefore, it is important to determine which soil textures in such slopes are more sensitive to interrill erosion processes. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of surface slope on interrill erosion in different soils. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out on eight soils with different texture (silty clay, clay, sandy loam, sand, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy loam) on tree slopes (10, 20 and 30%) under simulated rainfall (a constant intensity of 30 mm.h-1) with three replications (72 test units). The interrill erosion was measured at intervals of one minute from beginning of runoff in each experimental unit. The results showed that interrill erosion in all soils is affected by soil texture (P<0.0001), surface slope (P<0.0001) and their interaction (P<0.0001). Loam soil was the most susceptible to interrill erosion (10.76 g.m-2.s-1) and sandy soil was the most resistant soil (0.75 g.m-2.s-1). Surface slope had a significant effect on the amount of interrill erosion in all soils (P <0.000). Also, with increasing the slope percentage, the amount of interrill erosion in all textures increased significantly. This shows that it is necessary to prevent surface erosion in fine textured soils, especially on slopes in Zanjan region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Surface flow
  • Erodible soil particles
  • Raindrops impact
  • Flow concentration
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