نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان ، بخش علوم و مهندسی خاک، کرمان، ایران.

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

آلودگی و انباشتگی فلزات سنگین در خاک یکی از مهمترین چالش­های زیست محیطی می­باشد که زندگی گیاهان، حیوانات و انسان­ها را تهدید می­نماید. یکی از روش­های مؤثر در جهت کاهش اثرات زیان­آور فلزات سنگین در خاک­های آلوده افزودن بیوچار به عنوان یک ماده اصلاح­کننده به خاک می­باشد. در این پژوهش کارایی بیوچار پوست نرم بادام و پوست برنج (دمای گرماکافت 500 درجه سانتی­گراد) همچنین بیوچار اصلاح شده آن­ها با NaOH و HNO3 جهت به حداقل رساندن آلودگی خاک­ به مس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. به همین منظور دو تیمار بیوچار پوست نرم بادام و پوست برنج (اصلاح نشده و اصلاح شده با NaOH و HNO3) در سطوح شاهد (بدون بیوچار) و چهار درصد وزنی استفاده گردید. به خاک هر گلدان مس در سه سطح (صفر، 50 و 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) از منبع نمک سولفات مس (CuSO4.5H2O) اضافه شد. در این راستا مدل­های سینتیک واجذب مس مورد ارزیابی قرار داده شدند. در دوره­های زمانی مختلف از 30 دقیقه تا 48 ساعت به وسیله EDTA عصاره­گیری انجام شد و غلظت مس موجود در نمونه­ها تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد بیوچارهای اصلاح شده در تمام زمان­ها باعث کاهش معنی­دار واجذب مس نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بین بیوچار پوست نرم بادام و پوست برنج و همچنین ترکیبات اصلاح­کننده بیوچارها اختلاف معنی­داری از نظر آماری در سطح 5 درصد وجود داشت. بیوچار پوست برنج اصلاح شده نسبت به بیوچار پوست نرم بادام اصلاح شده موثرتر می­باشد. بیوچار پوست برنج اصلاح شده با NaOH در مقایسه با بیوچار پوست نرم بادام اصلاح شده در غلظت 50 و 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم در زمان 480 دقیقه، به ترتیب به مقدار 21 و 37 درصد کاهش نشان داد. معادله تابع توانی به دلیل ضریب تبیین بالا و خطای استاندارد پایین به عنوان بهترین معادله سینتیک واجذب مس معرفی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Kinetics of Cu Desorption in a Cu -Contaminated Sandy Loam Soil Using Modified Biochar

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra dianat maharluei 1
  • majed fekri 2

1 Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Department of Soil Science, Kerman, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

چکیده [English]

Pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in the soil are the most important environmental challenges that threaten the lives of plants, animals and humans. One of the effective methods to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in contaminated soils is the application of biochar as a soil amendment. In this study, the efficiency of almond soft husk and rice husk biochars (temperature of 500 °C) as well as their modified biochars with NaOH and HNO3 were investigated to reduce soil contamination by copper. The experiment was performed in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. For this purpose, two biochar treatments of almond soft husk and rice husk (unmodified and modified with NaOH and HNO3) were used in two levels (without biochar as a control and 4% by weight). Copper was added in the soil of each pots in three levels (0, 50 and 200 mg kg-1) from the copper sulfate salt source (CuSO4.5H2O). In this regard, different kinetics desorption models of copper were evaluated. Copper concentrations in different time periods (from 30 minutes to 48 hours) were determined using EDTA method in the samples. The results showed that the application of modified biochars at different times caused a significant reduction in copper desorption compared to the control treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between almond soft husk and rice husk and also between different Modified biochar at 5% level. Modified rice husk is more effective than almond soft husk. Sodium hydroxide-modified rice husk biochar reduced copper by 21% and 37%, respectively, compared to almond soft husk modified biochar at 50 and 200 mg kg-1 in 480 minutes, respectively. The power function was introduced as the best Copper desorption kinetics equations due to its high values coefficient of determination (R2) and low values standard error of estimation (SE).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rice husk
  • Nitric acid
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Almond soft husk
  • Power function equation
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