نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب هیات علمی

2 دانشگاه ارومیه، گروه مهندسی آب

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

شناخت دامنه­ای از رطوبت خاک که در آن رشد گیاه در ارتباط با پتانسیل آب، مقاومت خاک و دامنه رطوبتی با حداقل محدودیت (Least Limiting Water Range) مواجه می­شود، اهمیت بالایی دارد. پژوهش حاضر جهت بررسی اثر مالچ پته آفتابگردان در سطوح مختلف بر مقاومت فروروی (Q) و LLWR در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه کاملاً تصادفی اجرا شد. آزمایشات به منظور بهبود وضعیت دامنه رطوبتی خاک، در سه سطح مالچ پته آفتابگردان و پنج سطح رطوبتی در سه تکرار انجام شد. Q توسط ریزفروسنج اتوماتیک (Automatic Micro Penetrometer) آزمایشگاهی و با تنظیم عمق و سرعت فروروی مخروط دستگاه در خاک اندازه­گیری شد. مقدار رطوبت خاک در مقاومت فروروی بحرانی، برای تیمار شاهد (بدون مالچ) و تیمارهای با مالچ پته آفتابگردان (10 و 20 تن در هکتار) به ترتیب در 4/28، 22 و1/19 درصد حجمی اتفاق افتاد. مقدار رطوبت بحرانی تیمار 10 و 20 تن مالچ در هکتار نسبت به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 4/6 و 3/9 درصد کاهش یافت. این روند کاهشی به معنی بهبود شرایط برای جذب آب توسط گیاه است. مقدار رطوبت در  Qبحرانی از تیمار 20 تن مالچ در هکتار نسبت به تیمار 10 تن مالچ در هکتار 9/2 درصد کاهش یافت و با افزایش مقدار مالچ در هکتار، نتایج بهتری حاصل شد. مقدار LLWR برای تیمار شاهد و تیمار در سطوح مختلف مالچ 10 و20 تن در هکتار به ترتیب 11/5، 09/9 و 17/9 درصد حجمی محاسبه گردید. این روند افزایشی رطوبت در LLWR بیانگر عملکرد مثبت مالچ پته آفتابگردان می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effect of sunflower mulch the soil Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Noorali Haghdoust 1
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 2
  • Majid Montaseri 3

1 department of Water Ing.

2 Water Eng., Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University

3 Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

It is important to detect the range of soil moisture at which plant growth is associated with the water potential, soil resistance and least limiting water range (LLWR). The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of sunflower mulch at different levels on the subsurface resistance (Q) and on the LLWR in a completely randomized factorial design. Experiments were performed to improve the condition of soil moisture range at three levels of sunflower mulch and five levels of moisture with three replications. Q was measured by a laboratory automatic microprocessor by adjusting the depth and velocity of the device cone in the soil. The moisture content in Q critical for control treatment (without mulch) and treatment with sunflower mulch (10 and 20 tons per hectare) occurred in 28.4%, 22% and 19.1% by volume, respectively. The critical moisture content (Q) of 10 and 20 tons of mulch per hectare treatment decreased by 6.4 and 9.3%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. This decreasing trend means an improvement in the moisture content at critical Q (2 MPa). The moisture content in the Q critical of the 20-tons mulch per ha treatment has decreased by 2.9% compared to the 10-ton mulch treatment per hectare. This means that better results are obtained by increasing the amount of mulch per hectare. The LLWR for control treatment and 10 and 20 tons mulch per hectare was calculated to be 5.11, 9.09 and 9.17% by volume, respectively. This increasing of moisture content in LLWR indicates the positive performance of sunflower mulch.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sunflower Mulch
  • Penetration Resistance
  • Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR)
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