بررسی تاثیر مالچ پته آفتابگردان بر دامنه رطوبتی با حداقل محدودیت خاک (LLWR)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب هیات علمی

2 دانشگاه ارومیه، گروه مهندسی آب

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

شناخت دامنه­ای از رطوبت خاک که در آن رشد گیاه در ارتباط با پتانسیل آب، مقاومت خاک و دامنه رطوبتی با حداقل محدودیت (Least Limiting Water Range) مواجه می­شود، اهمیت بالایی دارد. پژوهش حاضر جهت بررسی اثر مالچ پته آفتابگردان در سطوح مختلف بر مقاومت فروروی (Q) و LLWR در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه کاملاً تصادفی اجرا شد. آزمایشات به منظور بهبود وضعیت دامنه رطوبتی خاک، در سه سطح مالچ پته آفتابگردان و پنج سطح رطوبتی در سه تکرار انجام شد. Q توسط ریزفروسنج اتوماتیک (Automatic Micro Penetrometer) آزمایشگاهی و با تنظیم عمق و سرعت فروروی مخروط دستگاه در خاک اندازه­گیری شد. مقدار رطوبت خاک در مقاومت فروروی بحرانی، برای تیمار شاهد (بدون مالچ) و تیمارهای با مالچ پته آفتابگردان (10 و 20 تن در هکتار) به ترتیب در 4/28، 22 و1/19 درصد حجمی اتفاق افتاد. مقدار رطوبت بحرانی تیمار 10 و 20 تن مالچ در هکتار نسبت به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 4/6 و 3/9 درصد کاهش یافت. این روند کاهشی به معنی بهبود شرایط برای جذب آب توسط گیاه است. مقدار رطوبت در  Qبحرانی از تیمار 20 تن مالچ در هکتار نسبت به تیمار 10 تن مالچ در هکتار 9/2 درصد کاهش یافت و با افزایش مقدار مالچ در هکتار، نتایج بهتری حاصل شد. مقدار LLWR برای تیمار شاهد و تیمار در سطوح مختلف مالچ 10 و20 تن در هکتار به ترتیب 11/5، 09/9 و 17/9 درصد حجمی محاسبه گردید. این روند افزایشی رطوبت در LLWR بیانگر عملکرد مثبت مالچ پته آفتابگردان می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effect of sunflower mulch the soil Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Noorali Haghdoust 1
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 2
  • Majid Montaseri 3
1 department of Water Ing.
2 Water Eng., Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
3 Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

It is important to detect the range of soil moisture at which plant growth is associated with the water potential, soil resistance and least limiting water range (LLWR). The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of sunflower mulch at different levels on the subsurface resistance (Q) and on the LLWR in a completely randomized factorial design. Experiments were performed to improve the condition of soil moisture range at three levels of sunflower mulch and five levels of moisture with three replications. Q was measured by a laboratory automatic microprocessor by adjusting the depth and velocity of the device cone in the soil. The moisture content in Q critical for control treatment (without mulch) and treatment with sunflower mulch (10 and 20 tons per hectare) occurred in 28.4%, 22% and 19.1% by volume, respectively. The critical moisture content (Q) of 10 and 20 tons of mulch per hectare treatment decreased by 6.4 and 9.3%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. This decreasing trend means an improvement in the moisture content at critical Q (2 MPa). The moisture content in the Q critical of the 20-tons mulch per ha treatment has decreased by 2.9% compared to the 10-ton mulch treatment per hectare. This means that better results are obtained by increasing the amount of mulch per hectare. The LLWR for control treatment and 10 and 20 tons mulch per hectare was calculated to be 5.11, 9.09 and 9.17% by volume, respectively. This increasing of moisture content in LLWR indicates the positive performance of sunflower mulch.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sunflower Mulch
  • Penetration Resistance
  • Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR)

مراجع

Asgarzadeh H., Mosaddeghi M. 2013. Proposing and evaluating a laboratory method for quick determination of different quantities of soil available water to plant. Applied Soil Research. 1(1):37-48. (In Persian)
Asgarzadeh H., Mosaddeghi M., Dexter A., Mahboubi A., and Neyshabouri M. 2014. Determination of soil available water for plants: Consistency between laboratory and field measurements. Geoderma, 226, 8-20.
Bengough A., Bransby G.M., Hans J., McKenna S.J., Roberts T.J. and Valentine T.A. 2006. Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cell. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(2): 437–447.
Da-Silva A.P., Kay B.D., and Perfect E. 1994. Characterization of the least limiting water range of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58:1775–1781
Dexter A.R., Richard G., Arrouays D., Czyż E.A., Jolivet C., Duval O. 2008. Complexed organic matter controls soil physical properties. Geoderma, 144(3-4):620-627.
Khorsand A., Rezaverdinejad V., Asgarzadeh H., and Sadraddini A. 2019. Irrigation scheduling of maize based on plant and soil indices with surface drip irrigation subjected to different irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 224-105740.
Khorsand A., Rezaverdinejad V., Asgarzadeh H., Majnooni-Heris A., Rahimi A., Besharat S., and Sadraddini, A.A. 2021. Linking plant and soil indices for water stress management in black gram. Scientific Reports, 11 (1), 1-19.
Letey J. 1985. Relationship Between Soil Physical Properties and Crop Production. Advances in Soil Science, 277-294.
Ohu J.O., Ekwue E.I., and Folorunso O.A. 1994. The effect of addition of organic matter on the compaction of a Vertisol from northern Nigeria. Soil Technology, 7(2): 155-162.
Rezaeipour Z., Vaezi A., and Babaakbari M. 2018. Investigating the effect of wheat straw mulch on soil water Retention in Rainfed Condition. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 49(5): 955-964. (In Persian)
Sirjacobs D., Hanquet B., Lebeau F., and Destain M.F. 2002. On-line soil mechanical resistance mapping and correlation with soil physical properties for precision agriculture. Soil and Tillage Research, 64(3–4): 231-242.
Soane B.D., and Van Ouwerkerk C. 1994. Soil Compaction in Crop Production. Elsevier Science, 684 P.
Stiller V. 2009. Soil salinity and drought alter wood density and vulnerability to xylem cavitation of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67(1):164-171.
Suzuki L., Reichert J.M., and Reinert D.J. 2013. Degree of compactness, soil physical properties and yield of soybean in six soils under no-tillage. Soil Research, 51(4) 311-321.
To J., and Kay B.D. 2005. Variation in penetrometer resistance with soil properties: the contribution of effective stress and implications for pedotransfer functions. Geoderma, 126 (3-4): 261-276.
Van Genuchten M.Th. 1980. A closed- form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44(5) 892-898.
Whitmore A., Whalley W., Bird N., Watts C., and Gregory A. 2011. Estimating soil strength in the rooting zone of wheat. Plant and Soil, 339: 363–375.
Yusefi A., Farrokhian Firouzi A., and Aminzadeh M. 2020. Numerical simulation of moisture distribution in soil as affected by mulch and shallow saline groundwater. Applied Soil Research. 8(3):172-187. (In Persian)
Zarehaghghi D., Neyshabouri M.R., Gorji M., Monirifar H., and Shorafa M. 2011. Determination of non-limiting water range for seedling growth of pistachio at two levels of soil compaction. Water and Soil Science, 22(3): 59-71. (In Persian)
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 10، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 46-53

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 اردیبهشت 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار