تاثیر سوپرجاذب و مدیریت تلفیقی کودهای شیمیائی و آلی بر کاهش سمیت بور در نهال نارنج (Citrus aurantium)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب کرمان

2 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

3 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

جنوب استان کرمان با تولید مرکبات در حدود 500 هزار تن در سال، رتبه سوم در کشور را دارا می­باشد. یکی از عوامل محدودکننده تولید در منطقه از نظر کمی و کیفی غلظت برخی عناصر بویژه بور (B) در آب آبیاری است. بررسی اثر کود آلی، سوپرجاذب و کود شیمیایی به همراه کلسیم بر کاهش سمیت بور آب آبیاری بر نهال نارنج بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در سال­های 96 و 97 انجام گرفت. عوامل شامل کود گاوی در دو سطح (0 و 2 درصد وزنی)، سوپر جاذب با سه سطح (0، 1/0، 25/0 درصد وزنی) و کودهای شیمیایی در سه سطح (شاهد، مصرف متعادل کودهای شیمیائی بدون کلسیم بر اساس آزمون خاک و مصرف متعادل کودهای شیمیائی بر اساس آزمون خاک به همراه کلسیم از منبع نیترات کلسیم) بودند. آبیاری به روش قطره­ای و با آب دارای EC 845 میکروزیمنس بر سانتیمتر و غلظت بور 55/1 میلی­گرم در لیتر انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ساده و تلفیقی سوپرجاذب، کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر درصد برگ­های دارای علائم سمیت بور، غلظت بور در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار بود. بیشترین غلظت بور در برگ­ (3/144 mg/kg) در تیمار شاهد با بیشترین تعداد برگ­های­ دارای علائم مسمومیت بور (97/22 درصد) و کمترین غلظت پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن و روی مشاهده شد. تیمار مصرف توأم 2 درصد ماده آلی+ 25/0 درصد سوپرجاذب+ مصرف متعادل کودهای شیمیائی بر اساس آزمون خاک (بدون کلسیم) کمترین درصد برگ­های دارای علائم مسمومیت بور و کمترین مقدار بور را داشت اما بالاترین درصد افزایش منیزیم (4/136)، پتاسیم (4/197)، آهن (139) و روی (123) را نسبت به تیمار شاهد نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد جداگانه و تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی به همراه سوپر جاذب در خاک­های با سمیت بور قادر به کاهش اثرات سمیت و بهبود شرایط تغذیه­ای گیاه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of superabsorbent and integrated management of chemical and organic fertilizers on reducing boron toxicity in sure orange rootstock (Citrus aurantium)

نویسندگان [English]

  • javad sarhadi 1
  • Saber Heidari 2
  • Mehri Sharif 3
1 Faculty Members of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
2 Faculty Members of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
3 Master of Science, Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
چکیده [English]

The southern region of Kerman province with the production of citrus about 500 thousand tons per year, is ranked third in the country. One of the limiting factors of citrus production in this region in terms of quantity and quality is the concentration of some elements, especially boron in irrigation water. The effect of organic fertilizer, superabsorbent and chemical fertilizer with calcium on reducing the boron toxicity of irrigation water on sure orange rootstock in a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in 1996 and 1997. The factors include cow manure at two levels (0 and 2wt%), superabsorbent with three levels (0, 0.1 and 0.25wt%) and chemical fertilizers at three-level (control, balanced application chemical fertilizers without calcium based on soil test and balanced application of chemical fertilizers with calcium from calcium nitrate source based on soil test). The irrigation was done by drip irrigation with water with EC 845 μs / cm and boron concentration of 1.55 mg / l. The results showed that the simple and combined effects of superabsorbent, chemical and organic fertilizers on the percentage of leaves with boron toxicity symptoms, boron concentration was significant at the level of one percent. The highest concentration of boron per leaf (144.3 mg / kg) was observed in the control treatment with the highest number of leaves with symptoms of boron toxicity (22.97%) and the lowest concentration of potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Combined use of 2% organic matter + 0.25% superabsorbent + balanced use of chemical fertilizers based on soil test (without calcium) had the lowest percentage of leaves with symptoms of boron toxicity and the lowest amount of boron, but the highest percentage of magnesium increase (136.4) Showed potassium (197.4), iron (139) and zinc (123) compared to the control treatment. The results showed that separate and combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers with superabsorbent in soils with boron toxicity can reduce the effects of toxicity and improve plant nutritional conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cow manure
  • Boron toxicity
  • Micro nutrient
  • Superabsorbent
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