اثرات مقدار و اندازه ذرات بیوچار‌ بر آب قابل‌استفاده، مقاومت روزنه‌ای، وزن خشک ریشه و کارآیی مصرف آب گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهر کرد

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد

3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

10.30466/asr.2022.121220

چکیده

بیوچار با بهبود ویژگی‌های خاک و گیاه، به تولید پایدار کمک می‌کند. در مطالعات انجام‌ شده، کمتر به بررسی اثر اندازه ذرات و مقدار بیوچار بر ویژگی‌های خاک و کارآیی مصرف آب در شرایط مزرعه پرداخته ‌شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف دو نوع بیوچار با اندازه ذرات متفاوت بر آب قابل‌استفاده گیاه (PAW)، مقاومت روزنه‌ای، وزن خشک ریشه، عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب گندم (WUE) انجام شد. برای این منظور آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه فاکتور نوع، مقدار و اندازه ذرات بیوچار در مزرعه اجرا گردید. بیوچار­های کاه گندم و هیزم زردآلو در اندازه‌های 5/0-0 (S1)، 1-5/0 (S2) و 2-1 (S3 ) میلی‌متر با مقادیر 5/0(R1)، 5/1  (R2) و ۳ (R3) درصد وزنی به خاکی با بافت لوم شنی در عمق 15-0 سانتیمتر اضافه گردیدند. بیوچار کاه گندم با اندازه ذرات S2 در مقدار R3 و بیوچار هیزم زردآلو با اندازه ذرات S1 در مقدار R3 ، میزان PAW را بیشتر از بقیه تیمارها درسطح هر بیوچار افزایش دادند. کمترین مقاومت روزنه‌ای در اندازه ذرات S3 بیوچار­های کاه گندم و هیزم زردآلو و به ترتیب در مقادیر R1 و R2 این بیوچار­ها مشاهده شد. وزن خشک ریشه گندم کمتر تحت تأثیر مقدار و اندازه ذرات بیوچار قرار گرفت. افزایش معنی‌دار میزان عملکرد گندم در مقایسه با شاهد، در بیوچار گندم با اندازه ذرات S2 با مقدار R3  مشاهده شد. در برخی از تیمارها، میزان عملکرد نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌داری داشت. یافته‌های این تحقیق اثربخشی بیشتر بیوچار کاه گندم در اندازه ذرات S2 و مقدار R3  بر افزایش WUE را نشان داد. به طور کلی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که تغییر اندازه ذرات بیوچار بسته به مقدار بیوچار اضافه‌شده به خاک و نوع مواد اولیه بیوچار اثرات متفاوتی بر ویژگی‌های خاک داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biochar amount and Particle Sizes Effects on Plant Available Water, Stomatal Resistance, Root Dry Weight and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • hassan osooli 1
  • ahmad karimi 2
  • Hossein Shirani 3
1
2 Department of soil science, agriculture faculty,
3 Professor of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochar contributes to sustainable production by improving soil and plant characteristics. In previous studies, less attention has been paid to the effect of particle size and amount of biochar on soil hydraulic properties and plant water use efficiency. The aim of this field study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of biochar with different particle sizes on plant available water (PAW) and stomatal resistance, root dry weight, yield and Wheat water use efficiency (WUE). Factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design was performed with three factors of type, amount and particle size of biochar. Wheat straw and apricot firewood biochar, in the sizes of 0- 0.5 (S1), 0.5-1 (S2) and 1-2 (S3) mm with amount ​​of 0.5 (R1), 1.5 (R2) and 3 (R3) percent were added to the loamy sand soil. Wheat straw biochar with S2 particle size in R3 amount and apricot firewood biochar with S1 particle size in R3 amount further increased PAW. The lowest stomatal resistance in S3 particle size of wheat straw and apricot firewood biochar was observed in R1 and R2 amounts ​​of these biochars, respectively. Wheat root dry weight was less affected by the amount and particle size of those biochars. A significant increase in wheat yield compared to the control was observed in wheat straw biochar with S2 particle size at amount of R3. In some treatments, the yield was significantly lower than the control. The results of this study showed the greater effectiveness of wheat straw biochar in particle size of S2 and amount of R3 on WUE increase.  The effect of a change in the particle size of biochar on studying properties varied depending on the amount of biochar that added to the soil and the characteristics of raw materials for biochar production. The results of this study showed that the effect of biochar on soil properties is not the same.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar particle size
  • Soil organic carbon
  • Soil improvement
  • Wheat yield

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 دی 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 تیر 1400

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