ارزیابی میدانی تأثیر عملیات آبخیزداری و مدیریت پایدار منابع آب بر کاهش فرسایش و رسوب حاصل از سیلاب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی خاک، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه با توجه به نیاز انسان به آب، تلاش برای رسیدن به منابع آبی پایدار امری ضروری و حائز اهمیت می­باشد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر احداث سازه‌های آبی بر حفاظت و مدیریت بهینه منابع آب و خاک در حوزه آبخیز نشر همدان بود. بدین منظور، با پیمایش صحرایی مشخصات سازه‌های احداثی یادداشت و اطلاعات منابع آب منطقه شامل چاه، چشمه و قنات برداشت شد. اطلاعات منابع آب نیز قبل از احداث سازه‌ها از اداره آب ‌منطقه‌ای همدان اخذ شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد در سطح حوزه آبخیز 856 سازه احداث شده است که 660 سازه خشکه‌چین با روکش ملاتی، 4 سازه خشکه‌چین و 192 سازه گابیونی بودند. حجم مخازن ایجاد شده با اجرای این سازه­ها برابر با 6/50936 مترمکعب بوده که 5/29502 مترمکعب از آن‌ها پر شده است و حجم خالی که در حال حاضر می‌تواند سیلاب را کاهش دهد 1/21434 متر‌مکعب می‌باشد. مجموع دبی سه چشمه شاهد حوزه آبخیز نشر قبل احداث سازه‌ها 8/1 لیتر بر ثانیه بوده که این دبی بعد از احداث به 15/2 لیتر در ثانیه رسیده است. متوسط ارتفاع آب چاه‌های منطقه از سطح زمین قبل احداث 11 متر و بعد از احداث به 9 متر کاهش پیدا کرده است. همچنین مجموع دبی قنات‌های فعال منطقه قبل احداث 5/32 لیتر بر ثانیه بوده که این دبی بعد از احداث به 5/38 لیتر در ثانیه رسیده است. بنابراین تأثیر احداث سازه­های آبی مثبت بوده و منجر به افزایش منابع آبی منطقه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Field Evaluation of the Effect of Watershed Management Operations and Water Resources Sustainable Management on Reducing Erosion and Sediment from Floods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi 1
  • Shiva Mohammadian Khorasani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD., Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, given the human need for water, efforts to reach sustainable water resources are essential and important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of water structures construction on the conservation and optimal management of water resources in Nashar basin. For this purpose, by field survey, the specifications of the construction structures and information on water resources in the area, including wells, springs and qanats, were collected. Information on water resources was obtained from the Hamedan Regional Water Department before the construction of the structures. The results showed that 856 small water structures were constructed in the watershed, of which 660 were mortar-clad inland structures, 4 were inland-china structures and 192 were gabion structures. The volume of reservoirs created by the implementation of these structures is equal to 50936 cubic meters, of which 29502 cubic meters have been filled and the empty volume that can currently reduce floods is 2143434 cubic meters. The total discharge of the three springs control watershed before the construction of the structures was 1.8 liters per second, which after construction has reached 2.15 liters per second. The average water height of wells in the region has decreased from 11 meters before ground construction to 9 meters after construction. Also, the total discharge of active qanats in the area before construction was 32.5 liters per second, which has reached 38.5 liters per second after construction. Therefore, the impact of the construction of water structures is positive and has led to an increase in water resources in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nashar watershed
  • water structures
  • sediment characteristics
  • hydraulic characteristics

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 آبان 1400

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