پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین‌لغزش حوزه آبخیز چریک‌آباد ارومیه با استفاده از مدل‌های AHP و آنتروپی شانون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 هیات علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 منابع طبیعی، آبخیزداری و فرسایش

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

شناخت عوامل، شرایط ایجاد و توسعة زمین­لغزش­ها به‌منظور ارزیابی و پهنه­بندی خطر وقوع آن، امکان دستیابی به روش­هایی که به ‌وسیله­ آنان بتوان از خطرات و خسارات ناشی از وقوع زمین­لغزش­ها جلوگیری کرد، را فراهم می­سازد. هدف از این پژوهش تهیه نقشه پتانسیل خطر زمین­لغزش با مدل­های AHP و آنتروپی شانون در حوزه آبخیز چریک­آباد ارومیه است. در ابتدا از طریق بازدیدهای میدانی و گوگل ارث، تعداد 95 نقطه لغزشی با استفاده از GPS و تصویر گوگل ارث ثبت شدند. لایه­های میانگین بارندگی سالانه، درجه شیب، جهت شیب، طبقات ارتفاعی، کاربری اراضی، سنگ­شناسی، فاصله از آبراهه، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از روستا و شاخص نرمال شده تفاضل  پوشش­گیاهی ­(NDVI) به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثّر بر وقوع زمین­لغزش­های حوضه انتخاب و نقشه­های لایه­های مذکور در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی تهیه و رقومی گردید. بعد از تلفیق لایه­های عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع زمین­لغزش، نقشه پتاسیل خطر زمین­لغزش برای دو مدل فرایند سلسله مراتبی و آنتروپی شانون تهیه شد. نتایج تهیه نقشه‌های خطر با استفاده از منحنی مشخصه عملکرد نسبی با سطح زیر منحنی 99 درصد معنی‌داری نشان داد که هر دو مدل دارای عملکرد خوبی در ارزیابی می­باشند. مدل آنتروپی شانون با سطح زیر منحنی 9/87 درصد و عملکرد خیلی­خوب نسبت به مدل فرایند سلسله مراتبی با سطح زیر منحنی 6/70 درصد با کلاس عملکرد خوب، دارای دقت بالاتری در تهیه نقشه­های مذکور بوده است. بر اساس مدل آنتروپی شانون، 32 درصد از حوضه در کلاس­های خطر بالا و خیلی­بالا قرار گرفته است. بدلیل خطر بالای رخداد لغزش­ها شایسته است اجرای اقدامات تسکینی مورد توجه مسئولین ذیربط قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Landslide Hazard Mapping Using AHP and Shannon Entropy Models in Cherikabad of Urmia Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdulaziz Hanifinia 1
  • Habib Nazarnejad 2
  • Saeed Najafi 3
  • Aiding Kornejady Kornejady 4
1 PhD. Student of Watershed Management, Urmia University
2 Urmia University
3 Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University
4 Ph.D. of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Understanding the factors, conditions of occurrence, and development of landslides in order to assess and zoning the risk of its occurrence provides the possibility of achieving methods by which the dangers and damage caused by landslides can be prevented. The purpose of this study is to prepare a landslide risk potential map with AHP and Shannon entropy models in the Cherikabad watershed of Urmia. Initially, ninety-five landslide points were recorded using GPS through field visits and Google Earth. Layers of mean annual rainfall, slope degree, slope Aspect, elevation classes, land use, Lithology, distance to River, distance to road, distance to fault, distance to village, and normalized index of vegetation difference (NDVI) As factors affecting the occurrence of landslides in the basin were selected and maps of these layers were prepared in the GIS environment and digitized. After combining the layers of factors affecting the occurrence of landslide, the landslide risk potential map was prepared for two models of Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Shannon entropy. The results of preparing risk maps using the Areas Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve with the area below the 99% significance curve showed that both models have good performance in evaluation. Shannon entropy model with 87.9% AUC and very good performance compared to AHP model with 70.6% AUC and a good performance class, has a higher accuracy in preparing the maps. According to Shannon's entropy model, 32% of the basin is located in high and very high-risk classes, which should be considered by the relevant authorities to implement relief measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural hazards
  • GIS
  • Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve
  • Area Under the Curve

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 مهر 1400

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