اثر سطوح مختلف کاربرد نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa L.) تحت تراکم‌های مختلف کاشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی زراعت، ایستگاه تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گناباد، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی ،

2 دانشیار دانشگاه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کینوا تحت تراکم­های مختلف کاشت، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1399-1398 در شهر گناباد انجام شد. تیمارهای تراکم کاشت در چهار سطح (30، 50، 70 و 90 بوته در متر مربع) و مقادیر نیتروژن در چهار سطح (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثرات اصلی نشان داد افزایش تراکم از 30 به 90 بوته در متر مربع باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک خوشه و درصد نیتروژن دانه شد، و افزایش نیتروژن به 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خوشه در هر بوته، وزن خشک خوشه، تعداد خوشه فرعی در خوشه اصلی و درصد نیتروژن دانه شد. همچنین اثر متقابل تراکم کاشت و کاربرد نیتروژن بر شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، کارایی زراعی نیتروژن مصرفی، عملکرد دانه، نسبت عملکرد دانه به شاخص سطح برگ در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت معنی­دار بود. بر اساس نتایج اثرات متقابل بیشترین میزان تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، نسبت عملکرد دانه به شاخص سطح برگ در بوته و شاخص برداشت تحت تیمار تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع و کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به­دست آمد. با توجه به برتری سطح 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع از لحاظ عملکرد دانه چنین به نظر می­رسد که این سطح تراکم و نیتروژن برای حصول عملکرد مناسب در منطقه مورد آزمایش و مناطق مشابه قابل توصیه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.) Under Different Planting Densities

نویسندگان [English]

  • zohreh nabipour 1
  • Gholamreza Zamani 2
  • yadollah gheisari 3
1 Ph.D of Agriculture, Gonabad Agricultural and Natural Resource and Education station, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Gonabad. Iran.
2 2. Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand , birjand. iran
3 PhD student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of application of different levels of nitrogen on yield and yield components of quinoa under different planting densities, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2019-2020 in Gonabad. Planting density treatments were at four levels (30, 50, 70 and 90 plants per square meter) and nitrogen levels were at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1). The results of mean comparison showed that increasing the density from 30 to 90 plants per square meter increased plant height, Cluster dry weight and seed nitrogen percentage, and increasing nitrogen to 150 kg ha-1 increased plant height, number of clusters per plant, Cluster dry weight, number of sub-clusters per major cluster and seed nitrogen percentage. Also, the interaction effect of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf area index, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, Field efficiency of nitrogen consumption, seed yield, seed yield to leaf area index per plant, biological yield and harvest index were significant. Based on the results of interactions, the highest number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, seed yield to leaf area index per plant and harvest index were obtained under the density of 50 plants per square meter and application of 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Due to the superiority of the level of 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen and the density of 50 plants per square meter in terms of seed yield, it seems that this level of density and nitrogen is recommended to achieve proper yield in the test area and similar areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Number of clusters per plant
  • seed yield of quinoa
  • 1000 seed weight
  • Nitrogen

مراجع

Amiryousefi M., Tadayon M.R., and Ebrahimi R. 2020. Effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on some physiological traits, yield components and yield of quinoa plant. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 10 (2): 1-17. (In persian with English abstract)
Amjed A., Ashraf A., Tasneem K., and Anser A. 2013. Nitrogen nutrition and planting density effects on sunflower growth and yield: A Review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12(12):1024-1035.
Ashraf M. 2013. Modeling the influence of nitrogen rate and plant density on seed yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(2):336-360.
Basra S.M.A., Iqbal S., and Afzal I. 2014. Evaluating the response of nitrogen application on growth, development and yield of quinoa genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 16(5):886-892.
Bastos L.M., Carciochi W., Lollato R.P., Jaenisch B.R., Rezende C.R., Schwalbert R., Vara-Prasad P.V., Zhang G., Fritz A.K., Foster C., Wright Y., Young S., Bradley P., and Ciampitti I.A. 2020. Winter wheat yield response to plant density as a function of yield environment and tillering potential: A Review and Field Studies. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11(54): 1-17.
Bordeny N., and Abdel-Ati A. 2018. Quinoa in Egypt -plant density effects on seed yield and nutritional quality in marginal regions. Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(2): 515–522.
Christiansen J.L., Jacobsen S.E., and Jorgensen S.T. 2010. Photoperiodic effect on flowering and seed development in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 60: 539–544.
Craswell E. T., and Godwin D. C. 1984. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to cereals grown in different climates. Advanced in plant nutrition, 1: 1-55.
Eisa S.S., Abb-El-Samad E.H., Hussin S.A., Ebrahim A., Gonzalez A., El- Bordeny N.E., and Abdel-Ati A.A. 2018. Quinoa in Egypt- plant density effects on seed yield and nutritional quality in marginal regions. Middle East Journal of Applied Science. 8(2): 515- 522.
Emadi N., Jahanbin S., and Balouchi H.R. 2013. Effect of drought stress and plant density on yield and some physiological characteristics of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in yasouj region. Journal of Crop production and processing, 3(8): 25-36. (In persian with English abstract)
Erley G., Kruse M., and Aufhammer W. 2005. Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the pseudo cereals amaranth, quinoa, and buck wheat under differing nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 22: 95-105.
Fathi G., Banisaidy A., Siadat A., and Ebrahimipour F. 2002. Effect of different levels nitrogen and plant density on grain yield of rapeseed, cultivar PF7045 in Khuzestan conditions. The Scientific Journal of agriculture, 25(1): 43-58. (In Persian)
Fen S.J. 2019. Experiment report on different planting density of quinoa in loess plateau in longzhong. Journal of agricultural Science and Technology, 5: 79–80.
Geren H. 2015. Effect of different nitrogen levels on the grain yield and some yield components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 20(1): 59-64.
Goma E.F. 2013. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers on quinoa plant. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(8): 5210-5222.
Hakan G. 2015. Effect of different nitrogen levels on the grain yield and some yield components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 20(1): 59-64.
Hinojosa L., González J., Barrios-Masias F., Fuentes F., and Murphy K. 2018. Quinoa abiotic stress responses: A review. Plants, 7(4): 106-118.
Kakabouki D., Bilalis A., Karakanis G., Zervas E., and Hela D. 2014. Effect of fertilization and tillage system on growth and crude protein content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.): An alternative forage crop. Journal of the Science of Food Agriculture, 26(1): 18-24.
Kansomjet P., Thobunluepop P., Lermongkol S., Sarobol E., Keawsuwan P., Junhaeng P., Junhaeng P., Pipttanawong N., and Ivan M.T. 2017. Response of physiological characteristics, seed yield and seed quality of quinoa under difference of nitrogen fertilizer management. Am. Journal of Plant Physiology, 12(1): 20-27.
Karami R., Faraji H., Movahedi-Dehnavi M., and Khoshroo A.R. 2020. Interaction of nitrogen and plant density on growth and yield of quinoa. Journal of Crop Production, 13(1): 111-129. (In persian with English abstract)
Montemuro F., Maiorana M., Ferri D., and Convertini G. 2006. Nitrogen indicators, uptake and utilization efficiency in a maize and barley rotation cropped at different levels and source of N fertilization. Field Crops Research, 99(23): 114- 421.
Navruz-Varli S., and Sanlier N. 2016. Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.). Journal of Cereal Science, 69: 371–376.
Parwada C., Mandumbu R., Tibugari H., Badze D., and Mhungu S. 2020. Effect of soil fertility amendment, planting density and growing season on Chenopodium quinoa Wild (Quinoa) in Zimbabwe. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6: 179-193.
Rashid N., Basra S.M.A., Shahbaz M., Iqbal S., and Hafeez M.B. 2018. Foliar applied moringa leaf extract induces terminal heat tolerance in Quinoa. International Journal of Agricultural and Biologica, 20(1): 157‒164.
Saeidi S.M., Siadat S.A., Moshatati A., Moradi-Telavat M.A., and Sepahvand N.A. 2020. Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 21(4): 354-367. (In Persian)
Saif A., Muhammad U.C., Muhammad U.H., Imran K., Muhammad B., Babar I., Muzammal R., Muhammad N., and Muhammad Z.A. 2020. Growth, biomass production, and yield potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) as affected by planting techniques under irrigated conditions. International Journal of Plant Production, 14: 427-441.
Samadzadeh A.R., Zamani G.R., and Fallahi H. 2020. Possibility of quinoa production under South-Khorasan climatic condition as affected by planting densities and sowing dates. Applied Research in Field Crops, 33(1): 1-15. (In Persian with English abstract)
Schulte M., Erley G., Kaul H.P., and Aufhammer W. 2005. Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the pseudo cereals amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat under differing nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 22(1): 95-100.
Seifati S.E., Ramazanpour S.S., Soltanloo H., Salehi M., and Sepahvand N.A. 2015. Study on some morpho-phenological traits related to yield and early maturity in quinoa cultivars (Chenopodium quinoa. Wild.). Crop Production, 8(2): 153-169. (In Persian with English abstract)
Shahmansouri R. 2015. Reaction of quinoa cultivars to nitrogen levels. MSc Thesis. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract)
Shams A.S. 2012. Response of quinoa to nitrogen fertilizer rates under sandy soil. International Journal of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, 1(5): 318-325.
Shahzad M.A., Basra S.M.A., Igbal S., and Afzal I. 2014. Evaluation the response of nitrogen application on growth, development and yield of quinoa genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 16(5): 886-892.
Shoman H.A. 2018. Effect of sowing dates and nitrogen on productivity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) at desert areas. International Journal of Plant Production, 9(4): 327-332.
Thiam E., Allaoui A., and Benlhabib O. 2021. Quinoa productivity and stability evaluation through varietal and environmental interaction. Plants, 10: 714-728.
Wang N., Wang F., Clinton C., Meng C., and Qiao L. 2020. Effect of management practices on quinoa growth, Seed yield and quality. Agronomy, 10: 445-460.
 

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 تیر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 آبان 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار