نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی زراعت، ایستگاه تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گناباد، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی ،

2 دانشیار دانشگاه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کینوا تحت تراکم­های مختلف کاشت، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1399-1398 در شهر گناباد انجام شد. تیمارهای تراکم کاشت در چهار سطح (30، 50، 70 و 90 بوته در متر مربع) و مقادیر نیتروژن در چهار سطح (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثرات اصلی نشان داد افزایش تراکم از 30 به 90 بوته در متر مربع باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک خوشه و درصد نیتروژن دانه شد، و افزایش نیتروژن به 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خوشه در هر بوته، وزن خشک خوشه، تعداد خوشه فرعی در خوشه اصلی و درصد نیتروژن دانه شد. همچنین اثر متقابل تراکم کاشت و کاربرد نیتروژن بر شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، کارایی زراعی نیتروژن مصرفی، عملکرد دانه، نسبت عملکرد دانه به شاخص سطح برگ در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت معنی­دار بود. بر اساس نتایج اثرات متقابل بیشترین میزان تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، نسبت عملکرد دانه به شاخص سطح برگ در بوته و شاخص برداشت تحت تیمار تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع و کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به­دست آمد. با توجه به برتری سطح 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع از لحاظ عملکرد دانه چنین به نظر می­رسد که این سطح تراکم و نیتروژن برای حصول عملکرد مناسب در منطقه مورد آزمایش و مناطق مشابه قابل توصیه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.) Under Different Planting Densities

نویسندگان [English]

  • zohreh nabipour 1
  • Gholamreza Zamani 2
  • yadollah gheisari 3

1 Ph.D of Agriculture, Gonabad Agricultural and Natural Resource and Education station, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Gonabad. Iran.

2 2. Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand , birjand. iran

3 PhD student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of application of different levels of nitrogen on yield and yield components of quinoa under different planting densities, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2019-2020 in Gonabad. Planting density treatments were at four levels (30, 50, 70 and 90 plants per square meter) and nitrogen levels were at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1). The results of mean comparison showed that increasing the density from 30 to 90 plants per square meter increased plant height, Cluster dry weight and seed nitrogen percentage, and increasing nitrogen to 150 kg ha-1 increased plant height, number of clusters per plant, Cluster dry weight, number of sub-clusters per major cluster and seed nitrogen percentage. Also, the interaction effect of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf area index, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, Field efficiency of nitrogen consumption, seed yield, seed yield to leaf area index per plant, biological yield and harvest index were significant. Based on the results of interactions, the highest number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, seed yield to leaf area index per plant and harvest index were obtained under the density of 50 plants per square meter and application of 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Due to the superiority of the level of 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen and the density of 50 plants per square meter in terms of seed yield, it seems that this level of density and nitrogen is recommended to achieve proper yield in the test area and similar areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Number of clusters per plant
  • seed yield of quinoa
  • 1000 seed weight
  • Nitrogen
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