بررسی اثر کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه و کمپوست زباله شهری بر تغییرات آنزیمی در برگ درخت توت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 2. مرکز تحقیقات ابریشم کشور، گیلان، رشت

3 گروه بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

4 مرکز تحقیقات ابریشم کشور، گیلان، رشت

چکیده

 
توت یک درخت تک پایه بوده و می‌تواند در شرایط آب و هوایی مختلف رشد کند. برگ درخت توت به عنوان غذای اصلی کرم ابریشم، و نقش اساسی در صنعت ابریشم دارد. مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در چند دهه اخیر سبب بروز مشکلات زیست­محیطی فراوانی شده است، از این‌رو در چند سال اخیر مصرف کودهای آلی و مایه تلقیح باکتریایی افزایش چشمگیری داشته است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه و پسماند زباله شهری بر تغییرات آنزیمی برگ توت و فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز خاک می‌باشد. برای انجام این پژوهش تعداد 27 نهال توت از موسسه تحقیقات کرم ابریشم کشور تهیه شد. این پژوهش به صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گیلان به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای مورد استفاده شامل دو سطح از پسماند زباله شهری (دو و چهار درصد)، دو سطح باکتری سودوموناس (۱۰۶ و 106×5 سلول در گرم خاک) و شاهد است. آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کلروفیل a و b در برگ توت و آنزیم فسفاتاز در خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده مایه تلقیح باکتریایی میزان آنزیم فسفاتاز را در خاک افزایش داده است. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که مقدار آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز از 2/77 در تیمار شاهد به 276 میکرومول بر گرم بافت تازه برگ در تیمار سطح دوم کمپوست و باکتری رسیده است. بیشترین مقدار این آنزیم در سطح دوم مایه تلقیح باکتریایی (106×5) به همراه سطح دوم کود آلی (چهار درصد) معادل 16/0 (میکرومول بر دقیقه برگرم وزن تر) به دست آمده است. به طور کلی، نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که می­توان از ترکیب کودهای آلی و مایه تلقیح باکتریایی جهت تامین عناصر مورد نیاز گیاه توت استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and municipal waste compost on enzyme changes in black mulberry leaf

نویسندگان [English]

  • Eisa Ebrahimi 1
  • Reza Sourati Zanjani 2
  • Hassan Hassani Kumleh 3
  • Mohammad Hossien Rezadoost 3
  • Esmaeil Kamran 4
  • Uosef Khirkhah Rahim Abadi 4
  • Shahla Nematollahian 4
1 Ph. D Soil physics and conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University.
2 2- Iran silkworm research center, Guilan, Rasht,
3 Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht,
4 silkworm research center, Guilan, Rasht,
چکیده [English]

Mulberry is a single-stemmed tree, growing in a variety of climates. Mulberry leaves are the main source of food for silkworm, which plays a key role in silk industry. In recent decades, since the use of chemical fertilizers has caused many environmental problems, the application of organic and bio-fertilizers has increased significantly. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of growth promoting bacteria and municipal waste on enzyme changes in mulberry leaves as well as soil phosphatase enzyme. For this research, 27 mulberry seedlings were collected from Iran Silk Research Centre. This research was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Guilan University. In this study, the treatments used included two levels of municipal waste (two and four percent), two levels of Pseudomonas sp. inocula (106 and 5×106 cells per liter) and control sample. Catalase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll a and b in mulberry leaves were measured and also soil phosphatase was determined. The results indicated that the application of bacteria inocula led to the increment in the amount of soil phosphatase enzyme. The results also showed that the amount of superoxide dismutase enzyme were increased from 77.2 in the control treatment to 276 μmol/g of fresh leaf tissue in the higher level of compost and bacteria treatment (second level). Furthermore, the highest amount of this enzyme was equal to 0.16 (μmol · min−1 · g−1 wet weight), which was observed in the higher level of Pseudomonas sp. inoculum (5×106) along with the higher level of organic fertilizer (4%). In general, the results demonstrated that a combination of organic fertilizer and beneficial bacteria inocula can be used instead of chemical fertilizers to provide the elements required by the mulberry plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutrition
  • Pseudomonas
  • Organic matter
  • Polyphenol oxidase
  • Superoxide dismutase

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 دی 1400

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