بررسی تشکیل و تکامل خاک‌های گچی مناطق جیرفت و عنبرآباد، جنوب استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو سابق کارشناسی ارشد ر گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان

3 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان

4 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت

چکیده

جهت مدیریت بهتر خاک­های گچی، آگاهی از پراکنش و ویژگی­های مختلف آن­ها ضروری می­باشد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور مطالعه نحوه تشکیل، طبقه­بندی، میکرومورفولوژی و کانی­شناسی خاک­های گچی در مناطق جیرفت و عنبرآباد، جنوب استان کرمان انجام گرفت. برای این منظور هفت خاکرخ، جانمایی، تشریح و نمونه­برداری شدند. نمونه­های خاک تحت آزمایش­های مرسوم فیزیکوشیمیایی، میکرومورفولوژی و کانی­شناسی رس قرار گرفتند و در نهایت خاک­های منطقه بر اساس دو سیستم رده­بندی آمریکایی (2014) و طبقه­بندی جهانی (2015) نام­گذاری و مقایسه شدند. سازندهای مارن گچی در ارتفاعات، منشأ گچ در خاک­های منطقه مورد مطالعه می­باشد. خاک­های منطقه بر اساس سیستم رده­بندی آمریکایی در دو زیر­رده جیپسیدز و سالیدز و بر اساس سیستم طبقه­بندی جهانی در سه گروه مرجع جیپسی­سولز، سولونچاک و سلونتز قرار گرفتند. بررسی مقاطع نازک نشان­دهنده وجود پوشش و بلورهای عدسی شکل گچ و پوشش رس می­باشد. بلورهای عدسی شکل گچ در خاک­هایی با بافت ریز مشاهده شدند. پوشش­های رس مشاهده شده در دو افق ناتریک و آرجیلیک، به ترتیب به دلیل نقش پراکندگی سدیم و اقلیم مرطوب­تر گذشته می­باشد. مطالعه کانی­شناسی رس نشان­دهنده وجود کانی­های ایلیت، کلریت، اسمکتیت، کائولینیت، سپیولیت و پالیگورسکیت در خاک­های منطقه می­باشد. وجود گچ در خاک و نیز سازندهای تبخیری موجود در منطقه باعث تشکیل کانی­های پالیگورسکیت و سپیولیت در خاک شده بود. بین میزان پالیگورسکیت و سپیولیت با میزان اسمکتیت ارتباط معکوسی مشاهده شد، به طوری که به دلیل هوادیدگی بیشتر طی اقلیم مرطوب­تر گذشته و با کاهش میزان گچ، بر میزان اسمکتیت افزوده شده و از میزان کانی­های پالیگورسکیت و سپیولیت کاسته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Formation and Development of Gypsiferous Soils of Jiroft and Anbarabad Regions, South of Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheyla Afra 1
  • Naser Boroomand 2
  • Mohammad Hady Farpoor 3
  • Saleh Sanjari 4
1 Former MSc Student , Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft
2 Associate Professor , Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
3 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft
چکیده [English]

For better management of gypsiferous soils, it is essential to have knowledge about distribution and its various characteristics. The objectives of the present research included soil genesis studies, classification, micromorphology and clay mineralogy of gypsiferous soils in Jiroft and Anbarabad regions, located in the south of Kerman Province. For this purpose, seven representative pedons were selected, described and sampled. Routine physicochemical, micromorphological and clay mineralogy analysis were performed on the soil samples. Finally, the soils were classified according to two systems: Soil Taxonomy (2014) and WRB (2015). The origin of gypsum in the soils of the studied area was gypsum marl formations at altitudes. Soils of the region were classified using Soil Taxonomy system in two suborders of gypsids and salids, and classified according to the WRB in three soil reference groups of Gypsisol, Solonchak and Slonetz. Coating and lenticular gypsum crystals and clay coating were observed in the thin sections of the studied soils. Lenticular gypsum crystals were observed in fine-textured soils. The clay coatings observed in the natric and argillic horizons were due to the role of sodium dispersion and paleoclimate, respectively. Illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, sepiolite and palygorskite clay minerals were found in the soils of the regions. The presence of gypsum in the soil and evaporitic formations in the area caused the formation of palygorskite and sepiolite minerals in the soil. An inverse relationship was found between the amount of palygorskite and sepiolite with the amount of smectite, so that due to more weathering in the more humid paleoclimate and with reducing the amount of gypsum, the amount of smectite increased and that of palygorskite and sepiolite minerals decreased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sepiolite
  • Micromorphology
  • Paleoclimate
  • Soil evolution
  • Soil classification
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