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کارایی برخی از گونه‌های قارچی در انحلال فسفات و رهاسازی پتاسیم و آهن از فلوگوپیت و موسکویت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی/دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

3 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

استفاده از ریزجانداران کارآمد می‌تواند درتأمین عناصر ضروری فسفر، پتاسیم و آهن برای گیاهان سودمند باشد. در پژوهش حاضر، توانایی آزادسازی این عناصر از کانی­های نامحلول توسط چندین گونه­ی قارچی شامل Trichoderma asperellum، T. atroviride، T. brevicompactum، T. citrinoviride، T. harzianum، T. koningii، T. viridescens و Alternaria sp. و Aspergillus niger ارزیابی شد. بدین منظور، قارچ­های نامبرده در سه تکرار به محیط کشت مایع الکساندروف دارای تری‌کلسیم ‌فسفات (منبع فسفر) و موسکویت یا فلوگوپیت (منبع پتاسیم و آهن) افزوده و به مدت 10 روز در شرایط بهینه نگهداری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که گونه­های قارچی در مقایسه با شاهد قادر به آزادسازی پتاسیم بیشتر به میزان 103 تا 389 درصد از کانی فلوگوپیت و 5/21 تا 178 درصد از کانی موسکویت بودند. در بین گونه­های قارچی، بیشترین آزادسازی پتاسیم توسط Aspergillus niger و T. koningii از فلوگوپیت و کمترین آن توسط T. atroviride از موسکویت دیده شد. بیشترین مقدار آهن محلول در حضور قارچ T. citrinoviride و Aspergillus niger در محیط کشت دارای فلوگوپیت اندازه­گیری شد. بیشترین افزایش فسفر محلول توسط گونه­های Aspergillus niger (در حضور دو کانی)، Alternaria sp.، T. citrinoviride، T. coningii و T. viridescens در حضور فلوگوپیت در مقایسه با شاهد مشاهده شد. گونه­های قارچی، هدایت الکتریکی را افزایش دادند که نشان­دهنده آزادسازی عناصر از منابع نامحلول توسط قارچ­ها است. همچنین بین مقدار فسفر، پتاسیم و آهن با pH رابطه منفی و معنی­داری مشاهده شد که نشان­دهنده آن است که احتمالا گونه­های قارچی با تولید اسیدهای آلی و معدنی توانسته­اند منجر به آزادسازی عناصر از منابع نامحلول آن­ها شوند. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که گونه­های قارچی، توانایی انحلال تری­کلسیم فسفات و آزادسازی پتاسیم و آهن بیشتری را از فلوگوپیت در مقایسه با موسکویت در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای دارند. بنابراین، استفاده از این ریزجانداران درتأمین عناصر ضروری گیاه می­تواند امیدوارکننده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficiency of some fungal species in phosphate solubilization and potassium and iron release from phlogopite and muscovite

نویسندگان [English]

  • safoora nahidan 1
  • Nesa Ahadi 2
  • Samira Abduolrahimi 3

1 Assistant Professor of soil science/Bu-Ali Sina University

2 Department of Soil Sciences, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamadan

3 Department of Soil Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan

چکیده [English]

Using efficient microorganisms can be beneficial for providing essential elements of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) to plants. In this study, the ability of some fungal species including Trichoderma asperellum, T. atroviride, T. brevicompactum, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. viridescens, Alternaria sp. and Aspergillus niger to release of these elements from insoluble minerals was evaluated. For this, the fungal species were added to Aleksandrov medium including tricalcium phosphate (P source) and muscovite or phlogopite (K and Fe source) and were incubated for 10-days under optimum conditions. The results showed that fungal species were able to release K from phlogopite by 103-389% and from muscovite by 21.5-178% compared to control. Among fungal species, the highest and lowest K release was observed by Aspergillus niger and T. koningii from phlogopite and by T. atroviride from muscovite, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest amount of soluble Fe was observed in medium with T. citrinoviride and Aspergillus niger in the presence of phlogopite and with T. atroviride in the presence of muscovite, respectively. The highest increase in soluble P was observed by Aspergillus niger (in the presence of both minerals), Alternaria sp., T. citrinoviride, T. coningii and T.viridescens in the presence of phlogopite compared to the control. Fungal species increased the electrical conductivity, indicating the release of elements from insoluble sources by the fungi species. There was also a significant negative relationship between P, K and Fe with pH, indicating that fungal species may have been able to release elements from the insoluble sources by producing organic and inorganic acids. In general, the fungal species have the ability to dissolve tricalcium phosphate and release more K and Fe from phlogopite than muscovite under in-vitro conditions. Thus, application of these microorganisms can be promising to provide the essential elements of plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phlogopite
  • Muscovite
  • Tricalcium phosphate
  • Fungi
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تحقیقات کاربردی خاک
دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 112-124
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 اردیبهشت 1401
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