پیامد کاربرد کود اوره فسفات بر وضعیت عناصر غذایی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

تحقیقات کشاورزی، کشت و صنعت کارون، شوشتر، ایران

چکیده

اغلب خاک­های مزارع تحت کشت نیشکر در استان خوزستان آهکی هستند و ماده آلی کمی دارند. فراهمی عناصر غذایی از جمله فسفر و همچنین کارایی مصرف کود فسفر در این خاک­ها کم می­باشد. در خاک­های آهکی، بخش قابل توجهی از کودهای فسفره، بعد از ورود به خاک به حالت نامحلول تبدیل شده و از دسترس گیاهان خارج می­شوند. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی کاربرد کودهای فسفره، بر پایه محلول اسیدی آن­ها، به­منظور بررسی وضعیت عناصر غذایی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر می­باشد. بدین منظور، در پلات­های یکصد متر مربعی مزرعه تحت کشت نیشکر واریته CP69-1062 با سن بازروئی دوم (R2)، تیمارهای 0، 10، 20 و 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار از کود اوره فسفات اعمال گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود فسفره در مقایسه با شاهد، به­طور معنی­داری (05/0P≤) عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر را افزایش داد، به­طوری­که بیش­ترین عملکرد نی قابل آسیاب در تیمار 20 کیلوگرم اوره فسفات (3/61 تن در هکتار با 2/18 درصد افزایش) مشاهده شد. اما در تیمار کاربرد 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره فسفات، تنها 5/10 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. از سوی دیگر، اثر منفی غلظت­ بالای فسفر بر غلظت نیتروژن در برگ­ها، به­ویژه در اوایل دوره رشد نمایان بود. نسبت غلظت نیتروژن به فسفر (N:P) در برگ، صرف نظر از نوع تیمار، به­طور میانگین 9:1/6 محاسبه شد. اما نسبت غلظت نیتروژن به پتاسیم (N:K) در برگ به­طور میانگین 7:1/2 بود که با مقادیر بهینه مورد نیاز برای رشد حداکثری نیشکر فاصله داشت. به­طور­کلی، نتایج نشان داد که مصرف کود اوره فسفات در خاک دارای کمبود فسفر قابل دسترس، بسته به شرایط خاک و گیاه، تا اندازه­ای نقش قابل­توجه در افزایش عملکرد نیشکر دارد. از سوی دیگر، برهم خوردن تعادل عناصر غذایی در اثر کمبود یا مازاد عناصر غذایی در گیاه، منجر به کاهش چشمگیر رشد و عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Consequences of urea phosphate fertilizer application on the nutrient status and quantitative and qualitative yield of sugarcane

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mahohi
  • Hassan ali Khatin zadeh
  • Mansour Nouri
  • Dariush Nikfar
Agricultural Researches Department, Karun Agro Industrial, Inc, Shushtar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Most of the soils of sugarcane fields in the Khuzestan province are calcareous and have little organic matter. The availability of nutrients such as phosphorus and the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer application are low in these soils. In calcareous soils, a significant part of phosphorus fertilizers, becomes insoluble after entering the soil and are out of reach of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the application of phosphorus fertilizers, based on their acidic solution, in order to evaluate the status of nutrients and quantitative and qualitative yield of sugarcane. For this purpose, treatments of 0, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha-1 of urea phosphate fertilizer were applied in 100 m2 square plots of cultivated sugarcane cultivar with second regrowth age (R2). The results showed that the application of phosphorus fertilizer compared to the control, significantly (P≤0.05) increased the quantitative and qualitative yield of sugarcane, so that the highest yield of millable cane was observed in 20 kg ha-1 of urea Phosphate treatment (61.3 ton ha-1 with 18.2% increase). However, applying of 40 kg ha-1 of urea phosphate, only a 10.5% increase was observed compared to the control. On the other hand, the negative effect of high phosphorus concentrations on nitrogen concentration in leaves was evident, especially in the early growth period. The leaf ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P), regardless of the type of treatment, averaged 1:6.9. But the average leaf ratio of nitrogen to potassium (N/K) was 2.7:1, which was significantly different from the optimal values required for maximum growth of sugarcane. In general, the results showed that urea phosphate application in available phosphorus-deficient soils, depending on soil and plant conditions, has a significant role in increasing sugarcane yield. On the other hand, disturbtion of the balance of nutrients by deficiency or excess of nutrients in the plant, leads to a significant reduction in growth and quantitative and qualitative yield in sugarcane.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous soils
  • Balance of nutrients
  • Phosphate fertilizers
  • N:P
  • N/K leaf ratios
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