تاثیر محرک‌های رشد گیاهی بر عملکرد، غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ گندم و برخی ویژگی‌های خاک در شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی(AREEO)، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات تغذیه گیاه و حاصلخیزی خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی(AREEO)، کرج، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان

4 محقق بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی(AREEO)، اهواز،

چکیده

عمده خاک­های استان خوزستان آهکی با درجات مختلف شوری بوده، با این وجود نقش بسزایی در تولید محصولات کشاورزی کشور ایفا می­کنند. یکی از روش­های نوین برای مقابله با تنش­های محیطی، استفاده از مواد محرک رشد گیاهان است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر کاربرد محرک‌های رشد بر اجزای عملکرد گندم در خاک شور در شرایط محیطی و اقلیمی استان خوزستان است. آزمایش در خاکی با شوری 8 دسی زیمنس در متر و شوری آب 4-3 دسی زیمنس در متر با هفت تیمار مختلف (شاهد، اسید آمینه آزاد، جلبک دریایی، بذرمال، اسید هیومیک، اسید فولویک و ترکیبی) در سال 1397 به مدت دو سال در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. استفاده از محرک­های رشد جلبک دریایی، اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه موجب افزایش معنی­دار به ترتیب 30، 25 و 24 درصد عملکرد دانه گندم شد (p ≤0.05). نتایج تحلیل اقتصادی مبین برتری قابل توجه کاربرد اسید هیومیک در افزایش عملکرد گندم بود (نسبت سود به هزینه=38/13). اثر کاربرد محرک-های رشد گیاهی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی پرمصرف و کم­مصرف در برگ گندم تقریبا در تمام مراحل رشد گیاه نسبت به شاهد معنی­دار نبود (p ≤0.05). علاوه براین، کاربرد محرک­های رشد در خاک­های آهکی خوزستان به دلیل ظرفیت بالای بافری خاک، تاثیر معنی­داری بر شوری، واکنش و نسبت جذب سدیم خاک نداشت. بنابراین، توصیه می­شود در مزارع گندم استان خوزستان با خاک­های شور و آهکی، علاوه بر کودهای پایه از اسید هیومیک به صورت محلولپاشی در دو مرحله تکمیل پنجه و ظهور سنبله برای افزایش مقاومت گیاه به تنش و بهبود عملکرد محصول استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plant growth stimulants on yield, nutrient concentration of wheat shoot and some soil properties under salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Jafarnejadi 1
  • Fereydun Nourgholipour 2
  • Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee 3
  • Leila Behbahani 4
1 Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil fertility and Plant nutrition, soil and water research institute, , Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Karaj. Iran
3 Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran.
4 Researcher, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The most soils of Khuzestan province are calcareous with different degrees of salinity, however, they play a significant role in the country agricultural production. One of the new methods to deal with environmental stresses is the use of plant growth stimulants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of growth stimulants on wheat yield components in saline soil, environmental and climatic conditions of Khuzestan province. Experiment was performed in three replications as randomized complete block design with soil salinity of 8 dS m-1 and water salinity of 3-4 dS m-1 under seven different treatments consisting of control, free amino acid, seaweed, seed treatment, humic acid, fulvic acid and combination in 2018 for two years. The use of seaweed, humic acid and amino acid caused a significant increase 30, 25 and 24 % of grain yield as compared to control treatment (p ≤0.05). The results of economic analysis showed a significant advantage of the humic acid application in increasing wheat yield (profit to cost ratio = 13.38). Application of plant growth stimulants on the macro and micro nutrients concentration in wheat leaves was not significant in almost all stages of plant growth compared to the control (p ≤0.05). In addition, the application of growth stimulants in calcareous soils of Khuzestan due to high soil buffering capacity did not have a significant effect on soil salinity, pH and sodium uptake ratio. Therefore, it is recommended that in wheat fields of Khuzestan province with saline and calcareous soils, in addition to basic fertilizers, humic acid be used as foliar application in two growth stages of tillering and booting to increase stress plant resistance and improve crop yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental stresses
  • Calcareous soil
  • Growth stimulating fertilizers
  • Wheat
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