بررسی تأثیر طول نوار‌های کشت بر فرسایش شیاری و دانه‌بندی ذرات فرسایشی در کشت‌زار دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

شدت وقوع فرسایش شیاری و دانه‌بندی ذرات منتقله از نوارهای کشت تحت تأثیر طول آنها ممکن است قرار گیرد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر طول نوارها بر شدت فرسایش شیاری و نوع ذرات منتقله انجام گرفت. آزمایش‌های صحرایی در کشت‌زاری دیم با شیب 10 درصد با شش طول شیار (2، 6، 10، 14، 18 و 22 متر) در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. اندازه‌گیری‌ها در شیارهایی به عرض 20 سانتی‌متر، عمق 5 سانتی‌متر با استفاده از جریانی پیوسته با شدت 3 لیتر بر دقیقه در بازه‌های زمانی 5 دقیقه به مدت 60 دقیقه انجام گرفت و زمان آغاز فرسایش شیاری و نیز شدت فرسایش و دانه‌بندی ذرات طی زمان در هریک از شیارها تعیین شد. بر اساس نتایج، زمان آغاز فرسایش شیاری با افزایش طول نوار از الگوی افزایشی پیروی کرد. فرسایش شیاری در اغلب شیارها تا زمان 45 دقیقه افزایش یافت. فرسایش شیاری در شیارهای 22 متری رخ نداده است که مربوط به نفوذ آب در طول شیار و از دست دادن قدرت جریان است. فرسایش شیاری در شیارهای با طول 2، 6، 10، 14و 18 به ترتیب 02136/0، 003232/0، 00225/0، 00150/0 و 00235/0 میلی‌گرم بر مترمربع در ثانیه بود. رابطه خطی کاهشی بین شدت فرسایش شیاری و طول شیار وجود داشت (54/0=2R). توزیع اندازه دانه رسوب به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر طول شیار قرار گرفت. با افزایش طول شیار، انتخاب‌پذیری سیلت افزایش یافت، در حالی که انتخاب‌پذیری ماسه در شیارهای بلند محدود شد. انتخاب‌پذیری خاک رس تحت تأثیر طول شیار قرار نگرفت. استفاده از خاک ورزی حفاظتی در اراضی دیم می تواند باعث افزایش نفوذ آب و کنترل فرسایش شیاری در شیارها شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of cultivated furrow length on rill erosion and eroded grain size in a rainfed field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Reza Vaezi 1
  • Leila Varghaei 2
1 Associate Professor of Soil Science, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
2 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

Rill erosion rate and particle size of eroded material can be affected by rill length. This study was conducted investigated the effect of furrow length on the rill erosion rate and sediment grain size. Field experiments were done in a rainfed field with a 10% slope gradient with six furrow lengths (2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 m) in a randomized complete block with three replications. The experiments were performed in the furrows with 20 cm width and 5 cm depth using a simulated flow with 3 l min-1. The initiation time of rill erosion and sediment grain size were determined in each furrow/rill at 5-min intervals for 60 min. Based on the results, rill erosion varied in the furrows over time and mainly increased to 45 min. Rill erosion didn’t occur the 22-m furrow, which is related to water infiltration along the rill and the loss of flow power. Rill erosion in furrows with 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 m were 0.02136, 0.003232, 0.00225, 0.0150, and 0.00235 mg m-2 s-1, respectively. A decreasing linear relationship was found between rill erosion rate and furrow length (R2= 0.54). The grain size distribution of sediment was significantly affects by furrow length. With increasing furrow length, the selectivity of silt increased, whereas the selectivity of sand was limited in the long rills. The selectivity of clay didn’t affect by furrow length. Application of conservation tillage in rainfed lands can increase water infiltration and control rill erosion in the furrows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flow intensity
  • Sediment grain size
  • Slope gradient
  • Soil loss
  • Temporal variation

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 مهر 1401

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