ارزیابی کمی کیفیت خاک در کاربری‌ها و شیب‌های مختلف در حوزه آبخیز بابلرود، جنوب استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)،

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان

4 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران

5 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

کیفیت خاک تحت تأثیر کاربری اراضی و درجه شیب قرار می­گیرد و ارزیابی آن نقش مهمی در توسعه پایدار و مدیریت منابع خاک دارد. این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در کاربری­ها و شیب­های مختلف در حوزه آبخیز بابلرود در جنوب استان مازندران انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه شامل کاربری­ اراضی در پنج سطح (جنگل طبیعی، مرتع، شالیزار، باغ مرکبات و اراضی زراعی) و کلاس شیب در پنج سطح (0-2، 2-5، 5-8، 8-12 و شیب بالای 12درصد) می­باشند. 89 نقطه نمونه­برداری تعیین و نمونه­برداری از عمق صفر تا 20 سانتی­متری خاک انجام شد. هفده ویژگی خاک شامل قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، درصد شن، سیلت و رس، تخلخل، میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر خاکدانه، درصد خاکدانه­های درشت و ریز، درصد آهک، رس قابل پراکنش در آب، کربن آلی ذره­ای، کربن آلی عجین­شده با بخش معدنی و ذخیره کربن آلی به­عنوان مجموعه کل ویژگی­ها (TDS) در نظر گرفته شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی (PCA) پنج ویژگی ذخیره کربن آلی، درصد خاکدانه­های درشت، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، درصد سیلت و رس به­عنوان حداقل ویژگی­های مؤثر (MDS) انتخاب شدند. در ادامه کیفیت خاک با استفاده از دو شاخص کیفیت تجمعی (SQIa) و کیفیت وزن­دار ((SQIw و هر کدام در دو مجموعه TDS و MDS به دو روش خطی و غیرخطی ارزیابی شدند. نتایج هشت شاخص­ کیفیت خاک نشان داد جنگل با درجه خوب و خیلی خوب دارای بهترین کیفیت و شالیزار دارای ضعیف­ترین کیفیت خاک است. در بین شاخص­های ارزیابی­شده، تنها شاخص SQIw-TDS-NL، کاهش کیفیت خاک با افزایش درجه شیب را نشان داد. وجود ضرائب تبیین 82/0 و 89/0 بین دو مجموعه MDS و TDS به­ترتیب در  SQIaو SQIw به روش غیرخطی، نشان­دهنده امکان استفاده از MDS بجای TDS در منطقه مطالعاتی است. همچنین با توجه به ضریب همبستگی 85/0 بین ذخیره کربن آلی و SQIw-MDS-NL، شاخص­SQIw-MDS-NL  برای ارزیابی کیفیت خاک منطقه پیشنهاد می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative assessment of soil quality in different land uses and slope gradients at Babolrood watershed, south of Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Aghalari 1
  • Elham Chavoshi 2
  • Sattar Chavoshi Borujeni 3
  • naser honarjoo 4
  • ahmad Jalalian 5
1 PhD student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan (khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Soil Conservation and Watershed Assistant prof, Management Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Isfahan 8174835117, Iran
4 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
5 professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil quality is affected by land use and slope gradient, and soil quality assessment is important in determining sustainable land-use and soil-management practices. This study was conducted to assess soil quality in different land uses and slope gradients at Babolrood watershed, south of Mazandaran province. The studied factors included five levels of land uses (natural forest, rangeland, paddy field, citrus orchard and farmlands) and five levels of slope classes (0-2%, 2-5%, 5-8%, 8-12% and above 12 %). A total of 89 soil samples were collected in the upper layer of topsoil (depth 0-20 cm). The seventeen soil properties were used in a total data set (TDS). These properties included pH, EC, organic carbon (OC), clay, silt, sand, water dispersible clay (WDC), soil bulk density (BD), soil porosity (Pr), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), macro aggregates, micro aggregates, total neutralizing value (TNV), organic carbon pool (OCpool), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC). Using the principal components analysis (PCA) method, five soil properties (OCpool, macro aggregates, EC, silt and clay) were selected for the minimum data set (MDS). The soil quality was evaluated by additive soil quality index (SQIa) and weighted additive soil quality index (SQIw) in two data sets of soil properties including MDS and TDS. The eight soil quality indices showed that the forest has the best soil quality with a good and very good grade and the paddy field has the poorest soil quality. Also, among the evaluated SQIs, only SQIw-TDS-NL showed a decrease in soil quality with increasing slope gradients. Moreover, the correlation coefficients were 82% and 89% between the two sets of MDS and TDS in SQIa and SQIw using nonlinear scoring methods, respectively. Because of the good correlation between TDS and MDS, the MDS set is better to determine soil quality indices in the study area. The correlation coefficient between SQIw-MDS-NLwith OCpool was higher (0.85) than all SQIs. So, SQIw-MDS-NL is suggested to evaluate soil quality in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • weighted additive soil quality
  • additive soil quality
  • minimum data set
  • principal components analysis
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