بررسی آلودگی و مخاطره سلامت برخی عناصر بالقوه سمی در خاک سطحی محیط کنار جاده ‏ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین چالش و نگرانی مهم و مشترک محیط‏زیستی و بهداشت عمومی در سراسر جهان است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی آلودگی و مخاطره سلامت عناصر بالقوه سمی کبالت، مس، منگنز و نیکل در نمونه‌های خاک‏ سطحی محیط کنار جاده‏ای در سال 1398 انجام یافت. بدین منظور، 63 نمونه خاک سطحی (عمق 15-0 سانتی‏متری) در طول 700 متر از یک قطعه 9 کیلومتری از جاده‏های گلتپه، رزن و کرمانشاه جمع‏آوری و پس از آماده‏سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‏های خاک در آزمایشگاه، محتوی عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شد. بر اساس نتایج، بیشینه میانگین محتوی عناصر کبالت، منگنز و نیکل به‏ترتیب با 92/1، 334 و 2/22 میلی‏گرم در کیلوگرم مربوط به ایستگاه رزن و بیشینه میانگین محتوی عنصر مس نیز با 0/25 میلی‏گرم در کیلوگرم مربوط به خاک حاشیه جاده کرمانشاه (ایستگاه‏ پرترافیک) و بیان‏گر تأثیر تراکم ترافیک بر آلودگی خاک بود. نتایج محاسبه شاخص EF نشان داد که غنی‌سازی (آلودگی) عناصر مس، منگنز و نیکل در ایستگاه‎های پرترافیک یعنی رزن و کرمانشاه "متوسط" تا "شدید" و میانگین مقادیر آن بزرگ‌تر از 50/1 و بیان‏گر تأثیر ورودی‌های انسانی به‌ویژه با منشأ ترافیک بوده است، در حالی‌که، در همه ایستگاه‏ها مقادیر شاخص برای عنصر کبالت بیان‌گر شرایط "غیر آلوده یا فاقد غنی‏شدگی" بود. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی خطر سلامتی نشان داد که "بلع" اصلی‌ترین مسیر قرار گرفتن کودکان و بزرگسالان در معرض خطر غیرسرطان‏زایی (HQ) خاک آلوده به فلزات سنگین بود. در همه ایستگاه‏های نمونه‌برداری مقادیر شاخص خطر تجمعی غیرسرطان‏زایی (HI) عناصر مورد مطالعه در هر دو گروه کودک و بزرگسال بیان‏گر "خطر کم" بود. به‏علاوه، عنصر منگنز با میانگین %82 از بیش‏ترین سهم در ایجاد خطر غیرسرطان‏زایی برای هر دو گروه کودک و بزرگسال برخوردار بود. از طرفی، خطر سرطان‏زایی (CR) کبالت و نیکل در هر دو گروه سنی غیرقابل توجه بود. نتایج این پژوهش بیان‏گر تأثیر فعالیت‏های ترافیکی بر آلودگی خاک حاشیه جاده‏ به فلزات سنگین در ایستگاه‏های مورد مطالعه بود؛ از این‏رو، نسبت به پایش دوره‏ای منابع آلاینده خاک محیط کنار جاده به ‏منظور حفظ سلامت محیط و انسان توصیه می‌شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Contamination Level and Health Risk of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Soil of the Roadside Environment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheil Sobhan Ardakani
  • Nayereh Sadat Hosseini
Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil contamination with heavy metals is an important, common environmental, public health challenge, and concern worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the contamination level and health risk of potentially toxic elements (cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel) in the surface soil samples of the roadside environment of Hamedan in 2019. In so doing, 63 surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected along 700 m from a 9 km section of Goltepeh (G), Razan (R), and Kermanshah (K) roads. After acidic digestion of soil samples in the laboratory, the contents of elements were determined using ICP-OES. Based on the results obtained, the highest amounts of the analyzed elements (mg kg-1) were found in the samples collected from the R site (1.92, 334 and 22.2 for Co, Mn, and Ni, respectively), and for Cu with 25.0 mg kg-1 it was related to K site, which indicating the effect of traffic density on soil pollution. The calculated values of EF showed that the enrichment (pollution) of Cu, Mn and Ni in the stations with high traffic (Razan and Kermanshah roads) was greater than 1.5, indicating the effect of human inputs especially with the traffic origin, while the EF values for the Co indicated "non-contaminated or no enrichment" conditions. Also, the results of the health risk assessment showed that "ingestion" was the main route of exposure of children and adults to the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) of soil contaminated with heavy metals. In all sampling stations, the values of cumulative non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) of the studied elements in both child, and adult groups indicated "low risk". In addition, Mn with an average of 82% had the highest share in causing non-carcinogenic risk for both children and adults. On the other hand, the carcinogenic risk (CR) of Co and Ni was negligible for both children and adults. Since the results indicating the impact of traffic activities on the contamination of roadside soil with heavy metals. Therefore, periodic monitoring of the sources of soil contamination in the roadside environment is recommended for the environmental and human health aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Metal Pollution
  • Surface Soil
  • Traffic
  • Enrichment
  • Health Risk
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