برآورد و پهنه‌بندی عامل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک درحوضه آبخیز علی‌آباد رودبار، استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه گیلان

2 دانش آموخته گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 هیات علمی، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه گیلان

4 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

فرسایش خاک در مناطق بالا­دست، نقش مهمی در ورود رسوبات به سد­ها دارد. تجمع رسوبات موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد، مشکلات زیست­محیطی و تشدید سیلاب می­شود. میزان فرسایش علاوه بر اقلیم، توپوگرافی، پوشش گیاهی و مدیریت اراضی به خصوصیات خاک و فرسایش­پذیری آن نیز بستگی دارد. در این پژوهش، عامل فرسایش­­پذیری خاک و همچنین توزیع مکانی آن در بخشی از حوضه آبخیز علی­آباد رودبار در بالادست سد سفیدرود، با استفاده از توابع انتقالی مختلف شامل KUSLE، KEPIC و KDg بررسی شد. نمونه­های خاک از عمق صفر تا 10 سانتی­متری برداشته و توزیع اندازه ذرات اولیه خاک، میزان کربن آلی و پایداری خاکدانه­ها اندازه­گیری شد. عامل فرسایش­پذیری معادله جهانی هدر­رفت خاک  (KUSLE)به دو شکل با و بدون کد­های ساختمان و نفوذ­پذیری محاسبه و به ترتیب KUSLEi و KUSLEf نامیده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که خاک­های مورد­مطالعه عمدتاً دارای بافت سبک بوده و KUSLEi  در دامنه 011/0 تا 040/0 تن­ساعت بر مگا­ژول میلی­متر برآورد گردید. کم­ترین عامل­فرسایش­پذیری به KDg تعلق داشت که به طور معنی­دار کم­تر از عامل فرسایش­پذیری محاسبه­شده با سایر توابع انتقالی بود. تمامی عوامل فرسایش­پذیری محاسبه­شده دارای همبستگی معنی­دار منفی با میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه بودند که  KUSLEi و KDg به­ترتیب بیش­ترین و کم­ترین همبستگی با MWD  را داشتند. تمام عامل­های فرسایش­پذیری دارای وابستگی مکانی از درجه متوسط بودند اما KUSLEi  وابستگی مکانی قوی را نشان داد. بنا­بر­این در مجموع می­توان نتیجه گرفت که نقشه پهنه­بندی KUSLEi ،  تهیه­شده توسط روش کریجینگ، می­تواند شاخص مناسبی از فرسایش­پذیری خاک­های منطقه مورد­مطالعه باشد

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation and Zoning of Soil Erodibility Factor in Aliabad Watershed, Roodbar, Guilan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Abrishamkesh 1
  • Masoomeh zahmatkesh 2
  • Nafiseh Yaghmaeian 3
  • Hossein Asadi 4
1 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology , University of Tehran, Iran. Karaj
چکیده [English]

Soil erosion in upstream areas has an important role in sediment entry to dams. Sediment accumulation result in decreases of dam service life, environmental problems, and acceleration of floods. In addition to climate, topography, vegetation cover and land management, soil erosion amount depends on soil characteristics and its erodibility.  In this research, soil erodibility factor and its special distribution was assessed by using of various pedotransfer functions including KUSLE, KEPIC and KDg in a part of Aliabad watershed of Roodbar, located at upstream of Sefidrood dam. The soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm depth and size distribution of soil primary particles, organic carbon content, and aggregates stability were measured. The KUSLE was calculated in two ways without codes of soil structure and permeability, and with respective codes, named as KUSLEi, and KUSLEf, respectively. The results showed that studied soils generally had coarse texture, and KUSLEi was estimated low to moderate in range of 0.11 to 0.040 ton h MJ-1 mm-1. The least soil erodibility factor belongs to KDg, which was significantly lower than the soil erodibility factors calculated by other pedotransfer functions. All of the calculated erodibility factors had significant negative correlation with mean weight diameter of aggregates which KUSLEi and KDg showed the most and least correlation with MWD, respectively. All of the erodibility factors had moderate spatial dependence, however KUSLEi showed strong spatial dependence. Therfore, it generally can be concluded that zoning map of KUSLEi  generated via kriging can be a suitable indicator of the studied soils erodibility.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil Erosion
  • Aggregate Stability
  • pedotransfer function
  • mean weight diameter of aggregate
  • spatial dependence

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 اردیبهشت 1402

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