نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاوری، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

3 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

امروزه تلقیح سیانوباکترها به‌عنوان راه‌کاری نوین و دوست‌دار محیط زیست در تثبیت بسترهای حساس به فرسایش بادی، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف دستیابی به زیست‌توده مناسب تلقیح سیانوباکتریایی در زیست‌پوسته‌سازی و تثبیت‌پذیری بسترهای خشک‌شده دریاچه ارومیه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. بدین منظور، نمونه‌های حجمی از بستر خشک‌شده دریاچه ارومیه در منطقه‌ جبل‌کندی ارومیه تهیه گردید و پس از انتقال به داخل سینی‌های فرسایش، آماده‌سازی شدند. سیانوباکترهای مؤثر در تثبیت خاک، استخراج، شناسایی، خالص‌سازی و تکثیر شدند. سپس اقدام به تلقیح سیانوباکترها به سطح سینی‌ها در چهار غلظت صفر، یک، سه و شش گرم بر مترمربع از زیست‌توده سیانوباکترها شد. پس از 120 روز، اقدام به شبیه‌سازی باد با سرعت 72 کیلومتر بر ساعت در شش بازه زمانی 5 دقیقه‌ای به‌مدت 30 دقیقه روی سینی‌ها شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان هدررفت خاک در تیمارهای شاهد، یک، سه و شش گرم بر مترمربع از تلقیح سیانوباکترها به‌ترتیب 35/12، 87/8، 11/4 و 73/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع بر دقیقه بود. تلقیح سیانوباکترها در تیمارهای با غلظت یک، سه و شش گرم ‌برمترمربع به‌ترتیب منجر به کاهش 15/28، 65/66 و40/99 درصدی هدررفت خاک نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. آستانه فرسایش‌پذیری تیمارهای شاهد، تلقیح یک و سه گرم بر مترمربع از سیانوباکترها به‌ترتیب در ابتدا (دقیقه صفر تا پنج)، دقیقه 10 تا 15 و دقیقه 15 تا 20 بوده و در تیمار تلقیح شش گرم بر متربع از سیانوباکترها تا انتهای آزمایش (دقیقه 30) فرسایش محسوسی مشاهده نشد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تلقیح سیانوباکترها با غلظت زیست‌توده شش گرم ‌بر مترمربع بهترین عملکرد در زیست‌پوسته‌سازی و کاهش هدرفت خاک را داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Inoculation of Cyanobacteria in order to Improve Biocrustation and Stabilizing Dried-up Beds of Urmia Lake

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hanieh Faramarzi 1
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 2
  • Hosein Kheirfam 3
  • mohsen barin 1

1 1 Dept of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University

2 Dept of Soil Sci. Urmia Uni

3 1 Dept of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the inoculation of cyanobacteria has been noticed as a new and environmentally friendly strategy in stabilizing erosion-prone beds. The current study was carried out with the aim of evaluating cyanobacteria inoculation in the biocrustation and stabilization of the dried-up beds of Lake Urmia in laboratory conditions. For this purpose, samples were prepared from the dried-up bed of Urmia Lake in Jabalkandi region of Urmia and were prepared after being transferred into erosion trays. The efficient cyanobacteria in soil stabilization were isolated and identified. Then, cyanobacteria were inoculated to the surface of the trays at four concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 6 g m-2. After 120 days, the wind simulation was done at a speed of 72 km/h in six 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes on the trays. The results showed that the amount of soil loss in control treatments, 1, 3 and 6 g m-2 cyanobacteria inoculation was 12.35, 8.87, 4.11 and 0.73 kg m-2 min-1, respectively. Inoculation of cyanobacteria in treatments with concentrations of 1, 3 and 6 g m-2, respectively led to a declining of 28.15, 66.65, and 99.40 % of soil loss compared to the control treatment. The erodibility threshold of the control treatments and inoculation of 1 and 3 g m-2 of cyanobacteria biomass was at the beginning (minutes 0-5), minutes 10-15 and minutes 15-20, respectively. No noticeable erosion was observed in the inoculation of 6 g m-2 by the end of the experiment (minutes 30). The results showed that the inoculation of cyanobacteria with a biomass concentration of 6 g m-2 had the best performance in biocrustation and reducing soil loss.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil biocrust
  • Stabilization of dust hot-spots
  • Soil inoculation
  • Soil stability
  • Wind erosion
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