تأثیر باکتری‌های بومی شورپسند، قلیاپسند و شورقلیاپسند ریزوسفری بادام (Prunus amygdalus L.) برفراهمی عناصر غذایی در خاک‌های شور و سدیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی/ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی/ مشهد/ ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی – باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی/ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

4 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی - باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

ریزجانداران مفید خاک با ایجاد روابط همزیستی با گیاه، موجب حفاظت گیاه از تنش؛ و با تبدیل و نگهداری عناصر در خاک، گیاه را تغذیه می­کنند. این پژوهش در دو بخش 1) جداسازی و خالص­سازی 55 جدایه شور، قلیا و شورقلیاپسند از ریزوسفر بادامستان­های (Prunus amygdalus L.) استان خراسان­رضوی و سپس بررسی برخی ویژگی­های افزاینده رشد گیاهی جدایه­ها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی برای انتخاب جدایه­های برتر؛ 2) تست شش جدایه­ برتر در مجاورت پایه­ بادام GN15 برای ارزیابی تأثیر آنها بر فراهمی عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، روی و یون­های کلر و سدیم در چهار خاک شور-سدیمی (شوری2، 4، 8 و 16 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر، و SAR به­ترتیب 69/9، 99/14 ،21/14 و 72/19) اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد میانگین تولید ویژگی­های افزاینده رشد گیاه برای جدایه­های قلیاپسند، شورقلیاپسند و شورپسند به­ترتیب برای تولید ایندول­تری­استیک­اسید (93/213 ،13/77 و 98/15میلی­گرم­ بر­لیتر)، حل­کنندگی فسفات­های معدنی (55/127، 99/73 و 19/40 میلی­گرم­ برلیتر) و تولید اگزوپلی­ساکاریدها (11/578 ، 54/284 و90/35 میلی­گرم­ برلیتر) بود. بکارگیری باکتری­ها موجب ثبات pH در محدوده 7 تا 5/7 و کاهش چشمگیر هدایت الکتریکی خاک در شوری­های بالا (8 و 16 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر) و افزایش اگزوپلی­ساکاریدها شد. بیش­ترین غلظت آنیون­های فسفر و کلر خاک در تیمار قلیاپسندها مشاهده گردید؛ بیش­ترین غلظت پتاسیم، آهن، روی و سدیم خاک تحت تأثیر باکتری­های شورپسند بود. بیش­ترین نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم درخاک به­­ترتیب در تیمار باکتری­های شورپسندها (3/15)، قلیاپسندها (8/11) و شورقلیاپسندها (4/9) بدست آمد. انواع باکتری­های بومی شوروقلیا در شوری بیش از 8 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر و SAR بالاتر از 15 کارایی بیش­تری در تبدیل و نگهداری عناصر نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Native Halophilic, Alkaliphilic and Haloalkaliphilic Rhizospheric Bacteria of Almond (Prunus Amygdalus L.) on the Nutrient Availability in Saline and Sodic Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrnoosh Eskandari Torbaghan 1
  • Gholam Hossein Khalili Torghabe 2
  • Abdolhamid Sherafati 3
  • Masoud Eskandari Torbaghan 4
1 Researcher, Soil and Water Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran,
2 M.Sc. of Horticultural Science, Horticultural Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Instructor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
4 Instructor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Beneficial soil microorganisms protect the plant from stress by forming symbiotic relationships with the plant, and by converting and retaining elements in the soil, they feed the plant. This research was carried out in two parts: 1) isolation and purification of Fifty-five halophilic, alkaliphilic, and haloalkaliphilic isolates from different almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) rhizosphere soils in Khorasan Razavi province and investigation of some plant growth-enhancing properties in all isolates in the laboratory conditions to select superiors isolates; 2) test of the six best-selected isolates in the vicinity of the GN15 almond rootstocks to evaluate the effect of the isolates on the availability of phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, chlorine and sodium ions in four saline-sodic soils (2, 4, 8 and 16 dS m-1 salinity, and 9.69, 14.99, 14.21 and 19.72 SAR respectively). The results showed that the average production of plant growth-enhancing properties for alkaliphilic, haloalkaliphilic and halophilic isolates was for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (213.93, 77.13 and 15.98 mg L-1), the solubility of mineral phosphates (127.55, 73.99 and 40.19 mg L-1) and the production of exopolysaccharides (578.11, 284.54 and 35.90 mg L-1). The use of bacteria stabilized the pH in the range of 7 to 7.5 and significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity at high salinities (8 and 16 dS m-1) and increased exopolysaccharides. The highest concentration of phosphorus and chlorine anions in soil was observed in alkaliphilic bacteria treatment; the highest concentrations of soil potassium, iron, zinc, and sodium were affected by halophilic bacteria. The highest ratio of K/Na in soil was obtained in the treatment of halophilic (15.3), alkaliphilic (11.8), and haloalkaliphilic (9.4) bacteria, respectively. All kinds of indigenous bacteria of halo-alkaliphilic bacteria showed more efficiency in converting and maintaining nutrients in salinity more than 8 dS m-1 and SAR higher than 15.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Almond
  • Cholorin
  • Dissolution of insoluble phosphate
  • Miceonutrients
  • Salin-sodic soil

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 دی 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 مرداد 1402

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