تأثیر برخی از مواد آلی افزودنی بر جمعیت میکروبی خاک و غلظت عناصر غذایی در گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه تبریز مدیر عامل شرکت قزل تپراق

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شیمی خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

در این پژوهش تأثیر پنج نوع ماده آلی مختلف بر میزان ماده آلی خاک، جمعیت قارچی و باکتریایی ریزوسفر و غیر ریزوسفر در خاک و بر غلظت عناصر غذائی در قسمت هوایی ذرت در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. قبل از کشت ذرت ماده آلی خاک، قبل و بعد از اضافه کردن پنج نوع ماده آلی مختلف در طول یک سال اندازه­گیری شد. سپس، ذرت کشت و قبل از اینکه به تولید دانه برسد برداشت شد و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی در بخش هوایی ذرت تعیین گردید. همچنین، جمعیت باکتریایی و قارچی در قسمت ریزوسفر و غیر ریزوسفر تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین جمعیت باکتری­های ریزوسفری در تیمارهای لئوناردیت (cfu.g-1 soil 104 × 231)، اسید فولویک (cfu.g-1 soil 104 × 229) و لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم کلسیم (cfu.g-1 soil 104 × 218) و بیشترین جمعیت قارچ­های ریزوسفری در تیمار لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم ( cfu.g-1 soil 103 × 263) مشاهده شد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد (جمعیت باکتری و قارچی در تیمار شاهد به ترتیب برابر است با cfu.g-1 soil 104 × 182و  cfu.g-1 soil103 × 230) افزایش معنی­داری نشان داد. بیشترین نیتروژن برگ ذرت در تیمار اسید فولویک (g kg-1 78/35) و لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم (g kg-1 9/33) و بیشترین فسفر برگ در تیمار اسید فولویک (g kg-1 27/4) مشاهده شد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب افزایش 2/23، 7/16 و 28/20 درصدی را نشان دادند. در تیمارهای اسید فولویک، لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم و لئوناردیت بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم و در تیمار لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم بیشترین مقدار کلسیم و منیزیم برگ اندازه­گیری شد. گوگرد برگ در تیمار لئوناردیت بیشترین مقدار را داشت ولی با تیمارهای لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم و اسید فولویک اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت. مقادیر عناصر ریزمغذی برگ در تیمار اسید فولویک بیشترین بود ولی آهن و مس برگ علاوه بر این در تیمار لیگنوسولفانات کلسیم نیز بیشترین مقدار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Some Addictive Organic Compounds on Soil Microbial Population and Nutrients Concentration in Maize (Zea mays L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Mola ali abasiyan 1
  • Arash Hemati 2
  • َAli Eskandarnasl 3
1 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Dept., West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
2 CEO of Qizil Topraq Sahand Company
3 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh,
چکیده [English]

In this research, the effectiveness of five organic matter treatments were investigated to determine the amount of soil organic matter, rhizosphere fungal and bacterial population. Microbial population in rhizosphere and nutrients concentration in the aerial part of corn were carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. Before planting maize, soil organic matter was measured before and after adding five organic matter treatments for one year. Then, maize was planted and harvested before it reached seed production, and the concentration of some nutrients in the aerial part of maize was determined. Also, the bacterial and fungal populations were determined in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The results showed that the largest population of rhizospheric bacteria in the treatments of Leonardite (231×104 cfu g-1 soil), fulvic acid (229×104 cfu g-1 soil) and calcium lignosulfonate (218×104 cfu g-1 soil) and the largest population of rhizospheric fungi in the treatment of calcium lignosulfonate (263×103 cfu g-1 soil) was observed to show a significant increase compared to the control treatment. The highest maize leaf nitrogen was observed in the treatment of fulvic acid (35.78 g kg-1) and calcium lignosulfonate (33.9 g kg-1), and the highest leaf phosphorus was observed in the treatment of fulvic acid (4.27 g kg-1) compared to the control treatment. In the treatments of fulvic acid, calcium lignosulfonate, and Leonardite, the highest amount of potassium was measured, and in the treatment of calcium lignosulfonate, the highest amount of calcium and magnesium was measured. Leaf sulfur was the highest in Leonardite treatment, but there was no significant difference with calcium lignosulfonate and fulvic acid treatments. The amounts of leaf micronutrients were the highest in the fulvic acid treatment, but iron and copper in the leaves were also the highest in the calcium lignosulfonate treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic carbon
  • Maize
  • Nutrient
  • Calcium ligninosulfonate
  • Manure

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 تیر 1402

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