نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر اصلاح کننده های آلی (ورمی­کمپوست و بیوچار) و شیمیایی (گچ و گوگرد عنصری) و تلفیق ورمی­کمپوست و تیمارهای شیمیایی بر شاخص‌های شور، سدیمی و بیولوژیکی یک خاک شور- سدیمی انجام شد. این پژوهش بصورت فاکتوریل دو فاکتوره (با و بدون تلقیح میکروبی) بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. نمونه­های خاک پس از اختلاط با تیمارهای مختلف به مدت 120 روز در رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه نگهداری و پس از فرآیند شستشو به مدت 150 روز تحت کشت گندم قرار گرفتند. بعد از برداشت بوته های گندم، مهمترین ویژگی­های شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی همه خاک ها تعیین شدند. نتایح نشان داد اثر هرکدام از فاکتورهای اصلی تیمارهای شیمیایی و آلی شامل تلقیح میکروبی و بدون تلقیح میکروبی به طور معنی داری (به ترتیب در سطح پنج و یک درصد) مقدار pH، EC و ESP را کاهش دادند اما اثرات متقابل فاکتور ها تأثیر معنی داری در کاهش آنها نداشتند. برای هر دو فاکتور، نقش تیمار­های ترکیبی در بهبود شاخص­های فوق به طور معنی­داری بیشتر از تیمارهای منفرد بود. اثر اصلی فاکتورهای آزمایشی در سطح یک درصد بر اغلب شاخص های بیولوژیکی شامل تنفس پایه (یک افزایش 11 تا 105 درصدی)، تنفس برانگیخته  (یک افزایش 10 تا 23 درصدی) و کربن زیست توده میکروبی (یک افزایش 8 تا 130 درصدی) خاک معنی‌دار شده بود اما اثرات متقابل فاکتورها تنها کربن زیست توده میکروبی را به طور معنی‌داری (p< 0.05) تحت تأثیر قرار داده بود. در بین تمام تیمارهای هر دو فاکتور، تیمار ترکیبی ورمی‌کمپوست و گچ بیشترین تأثیر گذاری را بر هر سه شاخص بیولوژیکی خاک ( یک افزایش 23 تا 130 درصدی) داشتند. این نشان می‌دهد که این تیمار احتمالا از طریق بهبود مناسب‌تر شرایط شیمیایی خاک نسبت به سایر تیمارها (مانند کاهش شوری و pH خاک) و همچنین مهیا کردن سوبسترا با ذخیره کربن تجزیه‌پذیرتر شرایط اکوسیستم خاک را برای تکثیر و بهبود فعالیت‌های میکرواورگانیسم‌ها مهیاتر کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Combined Amendments on Improving Salinity, Sodicity, and Biological Indices of A Saline-Sodic Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Piri 2
  • mohsen barin 2
  • Farrokh Asadzadeh 3
  • H. Asgarzadeh 2

1

2 Soil science department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Soil Science, Department,, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of organic (vermicompost and biochar) and chemical (gypsum and elemental sulfur) amendments and combination of vermicompost and chemical treatments on salinity, sodicity, and biological characteristics of a saline-sodic soil. This study was performed as factorial with two factors (with and without microbial inoculation) based on a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. After mixing with different treatments, soil samples were kept in the field capacity for 120 days, and wheat was cultured for 150 days following leaching soil samples. The most important chemical and biological properties of all soils were determined after harvesting the wheat plants. The results showed that the effect of each of the main factors of chemical and organic treatments including microbial inoculation and without microbial inoculation significantly (at the level of 5, and 1%, respectively) decreased the pH, EC, and ESP, the interactions of the factors did not have a significant impact on reducing them. For both factors, the role of combined treatments in improving the above indices was significantly greater than individual treatments. The main effect of experimental factors significantly affected (p <0.01) most biological indicators including basal respiration, substrate induced respiration, and soil microbial biomass carbon. However, the interactions of the factors significantly affected only microbial biomass carbon (p <0.05). Among all the treatments of both factors, the combined treatment of vermicompost and gypsum had the greatest effect on all three soil biological indices. This suggests that this treatment may have improved the soil ecosystem to increase and improve the activities of microorganisms by better improving soil chemical conditions than other treatments (such as reducing soil salinity and pH), and providing a substrate with more degradable carbon storage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil ecosystem
  • Organic improvement
  • Biological indicators
  • Saline-sodic soil
  • Soil carbon
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