تأثیر باقیمانده و عصاره تر گیاه دارویی مرزنجوش همراه با تلقیح میکروبی بر غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی در خاک و گیاه و عملکرد گیاه ذرت (Zea Mays L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شیمی و آلودگی

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

3 عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

4 استادیار

5 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

آللوشیمیایی گیاهان دارویی می­تواند بر فرآیندهای زیستی و غیرزیستی خاک و همچنین وضعیت رشدی سایر گیاهان مؤثر باشد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی وضعیت برخی عناصر غذایی در خاک و گیاه ذرت تحت تأثیر خواص آللوشیمیایی عصاره و پودر گیاه دارویی مرزنجوش و همچنین تلقیح میکروبی می­باشد. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل، شامل عصاره تر و پودر گیاه و اثر تلقیح میکوریزی، PGPR و شاهد در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در یک خاک زراعی اجرا شد. عصاره تر و پودر گیاه دارویی بصورت یکنواخت با خاک مورد آزمایش مخلوط گردید. سپس، تیمارهای میکروبی بصورت لایه یک سانتی زیر بذر ضدعفونی شده اعمال شد. عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی در خاک و گیاه و میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه در خاک گلدانها به روش‌های استاندارد اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر آللوشیمیایی مرزنجوش بر کلونیزاسیون ریشه و غلظت عناصر غذایی در خاک و گیاه معنی دار بود. کاهش عملکرد ذرت در تیمار با عصاره تر (7/52%) و پودر (2/18%) نسبت به کنترل مشاهده گردید. همچنین تأثیر عصاره تر نسبت به پودر گیاه دارویی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی در خاک و گیاه بیشتر بود. بطوریکه میزان کاهش در غلظت روی، آهن و فسفر خاک بترتیب 6/50، 6/31 و 5/15 درصد مشاهده شد. کلونیزاسیون ریشه در تیمار با عصاره تر و بدون تلقیح میکروبی 3/23 درصد ولی در تیمار با پودر 7/36 درصد بود. کاهش کلونیزاسیون ریشه تحت تأثیر آللوشیمیایی عصاره تر مرزنجوش در تیمار بدون تلقیح میکروبی 4/48 و در تیمار با پودر 9/18درصد حاصل شد. از طرفی تلقیح میکروبی باعث بهبود وضعیت عناصر غذایی در خاک و گیاه شد. نتیجتا اینکه بازمانده گیاهان دارویی با ترشحات آللوشیمیایی خود باعث کاهش جذب عناصر غذایی برای گیاهان هدف می­شود. لذا برای مقابله با این وضعیت تلقیح میکروبی بهترین راه کار بوده و مانع از کاهش عملکرد گیاه هدف خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Residues and Fresh Extract of Medicinal Plants in Combination with Microbial Inoculation, on the Concentration of Some Nutrients in the Soil and Plant and Zea Mays L. Yields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnam Dovlati 1
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 2
  • Amir Rahimi 3
  • mohsen barin 4
  • Anvar Ghaderi 5
1 عضو هیات علمی
2 Urmia University
3 Amir Rahimi, Assistance Professor of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia
4 * Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
5 Master student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient status of soil and Zea maize plants, as well as the effect of allelochemicals from the powder and extract of medicinal plant (Origanum vulgare L.) along with microbial inoculation on plant and soil. The experiment was done as a factorial, including plant extracts and powders and three levels of Mycorrhiza and PGPR inoculation, along with a control group, in a completely randomized design. In the study, residues and fresh extract of medicinal plant were evenly mixed into the soil. Subsequently, microbial treatments were applied as a one-centimeter layer beneath the sterilized seeds. The yield, soil and plant nutrients, and root colonization in the soil of pots, were assessed using standard methods. The results showed that the allochemical effects of medicinal plants on root colonization and nutrients concentration in both soil and plants were significant. A decrease in Zea Mays L. yield was observed in the treatment with essential oil (7.52%) and powder (2.18%) compared to the control. Furthermore, the effect of fresh extract was more pronounced than residues of medicinal plants on the nutrient concentrations in both soil and plants. This led to an observed reduction in zinc, iron, and phosphorus concentrations in the soil by 50.6, 31.6 and 15.5%, respectively. Root colonization in the treatments using fresh extract and powder without microbial inoculation were 36.7%, and 23.3% respectively. The decrease in root colonization were 48.4% in fresh extract without microbial inoculation, while for Origanum vulgare L. powder it was18.9%. On the other hand, microbial inoculation improved the nutrient status of the soil and plants. It was found that the residual of medicinal plant resulted in a decrease in the availability of nutrients for the target plants, potentially inhibiting nutrient uptake by the roots. As a solution, microbial inoculation emerged as the most effective strategy, preventing a significant decrease in nutrient concentrations under this condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelopathy
  • Allelochemical of medicinal plants
  • Nutrients uptake
  • PGPR
  • Mycorrhiza

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 خرداد 1403

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