ارزیابی نیازهای رویشگاهی و خاکی گونه ممرز (Carpinus betulus L.) در لایه‌های ارتفاعی مختلف جنگل‌های ارسباران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشکده جنگلداری

3 گروه جنگلداری

چکیده

شناخت نیاز­های رویشگاهی و خاکی گونه­های چوبی جنگل­های ارسباران با توجه به لزوم اعمال مدیریت متناسب با شرایط رویشگاهی و حفظ تنوع زیستی آن از اولویت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی­ نیاز­های خاکی و رویشگاهی ممرز به عنوان گونه غالب و شناخت ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی توده­های بالغ و جوان آن می­باشد. در این بررسی در سه طبقه ارتفاعی از 1000 - 700 متر، 1500 -1000 و 2000-1500 متر و در چهار جهت اصلی، 5 قطعه نمونه دایره­ای شکل 3 آری به صورت تصادفی برداشت شد. ویژگیهای  فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک همچون وزن مخصوص ظاهری، pH خاک، EC، درصد آهک، درصد کربن آلی، بافت خاک، درصد نیتروژن کل، فسفر، پتاسیم، درصد تخلخل، درصد اشباع و نسبت C/N اندازه­گیری شدند. براساس تجزیه واریانس و آزمون دانکن انجام شده اختلاف معنی­داری بین میانگین قطر برابر سینه درختان و میانگین قطر تاج درختان ممرز در طبقات ارتفاعی مختلف مشاهده گردید (5%=α). بیشترین پایه­ها با درجه کیفی a (کیفیت خوب) در جهت شمال و کمترین آن در دامنه­های جنوبی مشاهده شد. مهمترین نیازهای خاکی رویشگاههای مناسب ممرز، شامل بافت سبک لوم تا لوم شنی خاک، کربن بالای خاک، pH خنثی تا اسیدی ضعیف، حضور کافی عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم  و همچنین نسبت C/N خاک حدود 10 بودند. مقدار کربن آلی و نیتروژن خاک در لایه های ارتفاعی بالا (1500<) نسبت به سطوح ارتفاعی پایین، بالاتر بود. بیشترین میانگین تعداد زادآوری در دامنه غربی و کمترین آن مربوط به دامنه جنوبی است با توجه به بررسی­های انجام گرفته در طبقات ارتفاعی مختلف بیشترین قطر برابر سینه در دامنه شمالی مربوط به طبقه ارتفاعی 1000-700 متری است. همچنین بیشترین قطر برابر سینه در دامنه­های شرقی و جنوبی به طبقه ارتفاعی 1500-1000 متری و در دامنه غربی به طبقه ارتفاعی 2000-1500 متری تعلق داشت. همچنین بیشترین میانگین تعداد زادآوری­ها در طبقه ارتفاعی 2000-1500 مشاهده شد. چنین استنباط می‌شود ممرز در رویشگاههای دامنه های شمالی با طبقه ارتفاعی 1000-700 متر در خاکهای غنی از مواد آلی با بافت سبک تا متوسط و با قابلیت دسترسی بالای فسفر و پتاسیم از پتانسیل رشد و باروری بالاتری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Site and Soil Demands of Carpinus betulus L. in Different Elevation Layers of Arasbaran Forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ayoub Fathollahi Qarachoboogh 1
  • Ahmad alijanpour 2
  • javad eshaghi rad 3
  • ali zeza mohamed 3
1 department of forestry
2 department of forestry
3 department of forestry
چکیده [English]

Understanding the site and soil demands of the species of Carpinus is of special priority due to the necessity of applying management according to the site conditions and preserving its biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the site and soil demands of Carpinus as the dominant species and to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its mature and young stands. In this study, 5 circular samples were randomly taken in the four main directions at 700-1000 m, 1000-1500 m, and 1500-2000 m. Soil physical and chemical factors including bulk density, soil pH, EC, CaCO3, organic carbon, soil texture, total soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, porosity, saturation percentage and C/N ratio were measured. In each sample plot, all the trees with a diameter of breast height (DBH) of more than 6 cm were measured and their origin and quality were recorded. In the altitude class of 700-1000 m, in the eastern, southern and western slopes, no mature stands were identified. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average DBH of the trees and the average diameter of the crown of bordering trees in different height classes (α=5%). The most tress with quality grade a (good quality) were observed in the north direction and the least in the southern slopes. The most important soil demands of the suitable site of Carpinus stands were including loam to sandy loam soil texture, high soil carbon, neutral to weak acidic soil pH, available content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and the C/N ratio of the soil about 10. The amount of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in upper altitude layers (<1500) was higher compared to low altitude levels. The highest average regeneration is in the western slope and the lowest is related to the southern slope. According to the surveys conducted in different altitude classes, the largest DBH in the northern slope is related to the altitude class of 700-1000 m. Also, the largest DBH in the eastern and southern slopes belonged to the altitude class of 1000-1500 m and in the western slope to the altitude class of 1500-2000 m. Furthermore, the highest average number of regenerations was observed in the altitude class of 1500-2000m. It can be concluded that Carpinus in the sites of the northern slopes with an altitude of 700-1000 m, in soils rich in organic matter with loam to sandy loam texture and with high availability of soil phosphorus and potassium has a higher growth and productivity potential.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carpinus
  • soil properties
  • elevation class
  • Arasbaran

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 اردیبهشت 1403

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