تأثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر غذایی و تنظیم کننده‌های رشد بر عملکرد گندم آبی در شرایط تنش آبی (حذف آخرین مرحله آبیاری) آخر فصل زراعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

2 هیات علمی دانشگاه مراغه

3 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

5 استاد گروه مهندسی تولیدات گیاهی و ژنتیک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی و برخی از عناصر غذایی یکی از راهکارهای زراعی در افزایش تحمل گیاهان به تنش آبی محسوب می‌شوند.  بنابراین با توجه به خشکسالی­های اخیر در کشور که کشاورزان نمی­توانند آب لازم برای آخرین مرحله آبیاری مزارع گندم را در منطقه عجب­شیر تأمین کنند، به ­نظر می­رسید که کاربرد آنها بتواند در این شرایط جهت جلوگیری از افت عملکرد گندم مفید واقع شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر سالیسیلیک اسید (100 میلی­گرم در لیتر)، فولیک اسید (50 میکرومولار)، آبسیزیک اسید (2 میلی­گرم در لیتر)، کلرید پتاسیم 3 درصد، سولفات روی 4/0 درصد، اوره 4 درصد و آب خالص (شاهد)، هنگام وقوع تنش آبی در مرحله چکمه­ای شدن گندم رقم پیشگام، در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت مزرعه­ای در منطقه مذکور به اجرا در­آمد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایشی می­توانند روابط رطوبتی و میزان رنگدانه­های فتوسنتزی برگ گندم در شرایط تنش آبی را بهبود دهند. محلول­پاشی اوره، سالیسیلیک اسید و فولیک اسید عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب 3075 کیلو­گرم در هکتار (21 درصد)، 2425 کیلو­گرم در هکتار (40 درصد) و 2333 کیلو­گرم در هکتار (38 درصد) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (با عملکرد دانه 6000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) افزایش دادند. با بررسی اجزای عملکرد مشخص شد که این افزایش به‌دلیل افزایش تعداد پنجه بارور و کاهش تعداد پنجه­های نابارور در گیاه اتفاق می­افتد که با افزایش معنی­دار سهم مواد فتوسنتزی انتقال یافته به دانه (شاخص برداشت) همراه بود. با استناد به یافته‌های این تحقیق، جهت کاهش اثرات منفی تنش آبی بر گیاه می­توان از سالسیلسک اسید ، فولیک اسید و اوره استفاده نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Foliar Application of Nutrients and Growth Regulators on Yield of Wheat Under Water Stress (with Removing The Last Stage of Irrigation) at the end of the Growing Season

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Salmanian 1
  • Seyedbahman Mousavi 2
  • Vali Faiziasl 3
  • Esmaeil Karimi 4
  • Ezatollah Esfandyari 5
1 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh , Maragheh, Iran.
2 Lecturer of university of Maragheh
3 Assistant professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
5 Professor of Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Usingplant growth regulators and some nutrients is one of the agronomic strategies to increase the tolerance of plants to water stress. Therefore, according to the recent droughts in the country, where farmers cannot provide the necessary water for the last stage of irrigation in wheat fields in the Ajab-Shir region, it seems that their application can be used to prevent yield loss of Wheat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seven treatments on Pishgam wheat including pure water (equivalent to the solution used in other treatments as control, salicylic acid (100 mg L-1), folic acid (50 µM), potassium chloride 3%, zinc sulfate 4 per thousand, urea 4%, abscisic acid (2 mg L-1) in flooding irrigation condition (planting and flag leaf emergence stages). Expriment was desighned as a randomized complete block at the occurrence of water stress in the end of the plant growing season. The results showed that treatments could improve the moisture relationship and the photosynthetic pigments of wheat leaves under water stress conditions. Foliar application of urea, salicylic acid and folic acid also increased grain yield by 2704 (42%), 2054 (32%), and 1962 (31%) kg. ha-1, respectively. This increase is due to the increase in the number of fertile tillers and the decrease in the number of infertile tillers per plant, this led to a significant increase in the share of photosynthetic material transferred to the seed (harvest index). According to the findings of this study, salicylic acid, folic acid and urea can be used to reduce the adverse effects of moisture stress on the wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain Yield
  • Harvest index
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Urea
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