تأثیر باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات بر فعالیت میکروبی و شکل‌های معدنی فسفر در خاک آهکی تحت کشت نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق'گروه تحقیقات به‌زراعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر خوزستان

2 مدیر مطالعات کاربردی، شرکت کشت و صنعت حکیم فارابی، خوزستان، ایران

3 محقق گروه تحقیقات به زراعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر خوزستان، اهواز، ایران.

4 سرپرست خاکشناسی، شرکت کشت و صنعت دعبل خزاعی، اهواز، ایران

5 رئیس آزمایشگاه آب، خاک و گیاه، شرکت کشت و صنعت دعبل خزاعی، اهواز، ایران

6 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

10.30466/asr.2025.55605.1860

چکیده

باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات با راهکارهای مختلف در بهبود فراهمی فسفر در خاک‌های آهکی مؤثرند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر مایه‌زنی باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفر بر فعالیت میکروبی، فراهمی و توزیع شکل‌های معدنی فسفر در یک خاک آهکی تحت کشت نیشکر در سن بازرویی دوم بود. بدین منظور، این پژوهش در یک مزرعه تحقیقاتی (واریته CP73-21) در کشت و صنعت دعبل خزاعی خوزستان انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تیمار 1- شاهد (C)، 2- مایه‌زنی باکتری Enterobacter cloacae R33 (B33) و 3- مایه‌زنی ترکیبی باکتری­ها (سه سویه Enterobacter cloacae R33،Staphylococcus hominis 9E و Brevundimonas sp.) (Bmix) و در سه تکرار انجام شدند. باکتری­های حل‌کننده فسفات به‌روش اسپری کردن خاک اعمال شدند. سه ماه پس از اعمال تیمارها تنفس میکروبی پایه، کربن زیست­توده میکروبی، فسفر قابل دسترس خاک و شکل­های شیمیایی فسفر در خاک اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات سبب افزایش معنی‌دار تنفس میکروبی، کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی و فسفر قابل دسترس خاک شد. در تیمارهای B33 و Bmix غلظت فسفر قابل دسترس خاک به­ترتیب 5/52 و 6/24 درصد بیش‌تر از تیمار شاهد بود. مایه‌زنی تیمار B33 سبب افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت شکل‌های Ca2-P و Ca8-P و کاهش معنی‌دار غلظت شکل‌های Al-P و Ca10-P در خاک شد. فراوانی نسبی شکل‌های معدنی فسفر در خاک، در تیمار شاهد، بدین ترتیب بود: Ca10-P > Ca8-P > Fe-P> Al-P > Ca2-P. در حالی­که در تیمار B33 این روند بدین ترتیب بود: Ca8-P > Ca10-P > Fe-P > Ca2-P > Al-P. نتایج نشان داد تیمار B33 در افزایش فراهمی فسفر در خاک مؤثرتر از تیمار Bmix بود. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد مایه‌زنی باکتری Enterobacter cloacae R33 می‌تواند با تبدیل شکل‌های با فراهمی کم فسفر به شکل‌های با فراهمی بیش‌تر در افزایش فراهمی فسفر در خاک مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria on the Microbial Activity and Inorganic Fractions of Phosphorus in Sugarcane Cultivated Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Karimi 1
  • ,Saeed Safirzadeh 2
  • Nematallah Zakavi 3
  • Shila Khajavi-Shojaei 4
  • Pardis Khaji 5
  • Naeimeh Enayatizamir 6
1 Researcher, Department of Agronomy Research, Khuzestan Sugarcane Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Director of Applied Research, Hakim Farabi Agro-Industry CO., Khuzestan, Iran
3 Researcher, Department of Agronomy Research, Khuzestan Sugarcane Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 Head of Soil Science, Debal Khozaei Agro-Industry CO., Ahvaz, Iran.
5 Head of Water, Soil and Plant Laboratory Debal Khozaei Agro-Industry CO., Ahvaz, Iran.
6 Professor, Department of Soil Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are effective in improving phosphorus availability in calcareous soils by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation on microbial activity, phosphorus availability, and inorganic phosphorus fractions in calcareous soil cultivated with second ratoon sugarcane. The study was conducted in a research field (CP73-21 variety) at the Dabal Khozaei Agro-industry in Khuzestan. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three treatments: 1- control (C), 2- inoculation with Enterobacter cloacae R33 (B33), and inoculation with a bacterial consortium (Enterobacter cloacae R33, Brevundimonas sp. Staphylococcus hominis 9E) (Bmix). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were applied using the soil spraying method. Three months after the treatments inoculated, basal microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, soil available phosphorus, and chemical fractions of phosphorus in the soil were measured. The results indicated that phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation caused a significant increase in microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and soil available phosphorus. In the B33 and Bmix treatments, available soil phosphorus concentrations were 52.5% and 24.6% higher than in the control treatment, respectively. B33 inoculation led to a significant increase in the Ca2-P and Ca8-P fractions and a decrease in Al-P and Ca10-P fractions in the soil. The proportion of inorganic phosphorus fractions in the control treatment was as follows: Ca10-P > Ca8-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Ca2-P, while in the B33 treatment, the trend was: Ca8-P > Ca10-P > Fe-P > Ca2-P > Al-P. The results revealed that the B33 treatment was more effective in enhancing phosphorus availability in the soil than the Bmix treatment. In general, the results of this study demonstrated that inoculation of Enterobacter cloacae R33 can effectively increase phosphorus availability in calcareous soil by converting phosphorus from less available fractions to more available forms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Enterobacter cloacae
  • Inoculation
  • Microbial biomass
  • Phosphorus availability
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