تعیین اجزا و ویژگی‌‌های پسماند جامد محل‌های دفن زباله شهرستان آستانه اشرفیه و بررسی وضعیت کیفی و زیستی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهیجان، لاهیجان، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه ریاضی و آمار، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

4 باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهیجان، لاهیجان، ایران.

10.30466/asr.2026.56079.1881

چکیده

نگهداری و ذخیره­سازی زباله­های شهری در محل­های دفن زباله مهندسی نشده و غیر بهداشتی تهدیدی جدی برای عملکرد و سلامت و کیفیت خاک است. متاسفانه در شهرهای شمالی کشور ایران نیز مشکل وجود محل­های دفن زباله روباز، غیر بهداشتی و مهندسی شده در نزدیک شهرها و مناطق جنگلی وجود دارد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی وضعیت کیفیت خاک (عمق­های 30-0 و 60-30 سانتی­متری) محل­های دفن زباله شهر آستانه اشرفیه و تعیین اجزای پسماند این اماکن دفن زباله بود. نتایج بررسی­ها نشان­گر آن بود که در پایین دست محل تخلیه کشل آزادسرا، pH خاک زیاد بوده و در گروه خاک­های قلیایی قوی دسته­بندی شد. اثر دفن زباله بر هدایت الکتریکی خاک در همه محل‌های دفن زباله و در برخی موارد پایین دست (16/3 dS m-1) (در عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متر) مشاهده شد که برای کشت محصولات حساس نامناسب بود. همچنین غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم کل در اکثر اماکن تخلیه مورد نظر نسبت به شاهد بالادست بیشتر بودند که این تاثیر در بعضی موارد تا فواصل 50 و 100 متر پایین­دست قابل مشاهده بود. همچنین مشخص گردید بیشترین جزء زباله­های شهری و روستایی را اجزای فسادپذیر (51/69-57/61 درصد) تشکیل می­دهد و پس از آن ضایعات کشاورزی، باغی، لاستیک، پلاستیک و مقوا می­باشد. به­علاوه مقایسه مقادیر این ضایعات در فصل تابستان و پاییز نشان داد که نسبت پلاستیک به کل زباله در تابستان بیشتر بوده که احتمالا دلیل آن توریستی بودن منطقه و استفاده زیاد از ظروف یکبار مصرف و قوطی توسط گردشگران و ساکنین محلی می­باشد. فرمول تجربی پسماند جامد شهرستان C33H57O18N2S و ارزش حرارتی آن Kj Kg-1 42/20012 به دست آمد که نشان می‌دهد که پسماند می‌تواند به عنوان منبع سوخت در فرآیندهای تبدیل پسماند به انرژی مانند سوزاندن یا گازی‌سازی به کار گرفته شود، البته به شرط آنکه پیش‌فرآوری مناسب و کنترل‌های لازم برای کاهش آلاینده‌ها انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Solid Waste Components and Characteristics in Landfills of Astaneh Ashrafieh City, and Soil Qualitative and Biological status

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shayan Shariati 1
  • Fatemeh Shariati 2
  • Soheil Shokri 3
  • Zahra Fallah 4
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 2. Department of Environment, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
4 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The maintenance and storage of municipal solid waste in unengineered and unsanitary landfills represents a significant risk to the performance, health, and quality of the soil. Unfortunately, we also face the problem of open, unhygienic and man-made landfills near cities and forest areas in the northern cities of Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the soil quality (depth of 0-30 and 30-60 cm) of landfill in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh city and determine the waste components of this landfill. The results of the studies showed that the pH of the soil downstream of the Azadsara drainage area was high and it was classified as a highly alkaline soil. The effect of waste disposal on soil electrical conductivity was observed at all landfills and in some cases downstream (3.16 dS/m) (dept of 0-30 cm), which was unsuitable for growing sensitive crops. Total sodium and potassium concentration were also higher than the upstream control at most discharge locations, and this effect was visible up to 50 and 100 meters downstream in some cases. It was also found that the largest component of urban and rural waste comprises perishable components (61.57-69.51 percent), followed by agricultural and garden waste, rubber, plastic and cardboard. Furthermore, the comparison of the amounts of these components in summer and fall showed that the ratio of these components to total waste was higher in summer. This is probably due to the tourist nature of the area and the high use of disposable containers and cans by tourists and residents. In addition, the empirical formula of the solid waste of the city was obtained as C33H57O18N2S, and its calorific value was calculated as 20012.42 Kj/Kg that indicates waste can be used as a fuel source in waste-to-energy conversion processes such as incineration or gasification, provided that proper preprocessing and necessary controls to reduce pollutants are implemented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrical Conductivity
  • Municipal Solid Waste Components
  • Soil Quality
  • Soil pollution
  • Unengineered Landfill

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 بهمن 1404

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