جداسازی و شناسایی جدایه های تریکودرما از خاکهای آلوده و ارزیابی تجمع زیستی عناصر سنگین Cd، Pb و Zn توسط آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک ارومیه

2 دانشگاه ارومیه

3 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

4 'گروه حفظ نباتات دانشگاه کربلا

5 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ارومیه

10.30466/asr.2026.55939.1876

چکیده

آلودگی خاک‌های کشاورزی به فلزات سنگین، ناشی از استفاده بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی و منابع آبی آلوده، به عنوان یک چالش جدی برای محیط زیست و کشاورزی مطرح است. این عناصر مانند سرب (Pb)، کادمیوم (Cd) و روی (Zn)، نه تنها کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی را کاهش می‌دهند، بلکه یک تهدید جدی برای اکوسیستم و تنوع زیستی محسوب می‌شوند. در این زمینه، قارچ تریکودرما به عنوان یک میکروارگانیسم مؤثر در جذب فلزات سنگین و کاهش اثر سمیت آن‌ها شناخته شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف جداسازی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایه‌های قارچ تریکودرما و ارزیابی کارایی آن‌ها در زیست‌پالایی سرب، کادمیوم و روی در خاک‌های آلوده انجام گردید. به منظور تحلیل ساختار ژنتیکی و عملکرد زیستی این جدایه‌ها، از روش‌ مولکولی PCR استفاده شد. تجمع زیستی آلاینده های مورد مطالعه و تاثیر جدایه های قارچی در کاهش اثرات سمی عناصر سنگین در غلظتهای 0، 50، 100 و 500 میلیگرم در لیتر ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد 45، 38، 12 و 8 درصد از جدایه به ترتیب متعلق به گونه های T. harzianum، T. longibrachiatum، T. virens و T. brevicompactum بودند. برای گونه های قارچی، Zn و Cd بترتیب بالاترین و پایین ترین سمیت را نشان دادند. بالاترین غلظت بازدارنده (MIC) در غلظت 500 میلی گرم در لیتر و برای گونه T. longibrachiatum مشاهده گردید. طبق نتایج این تحقیق گونه T. longibrachiatum در تجمع زیستی و کاهش غلظت Pb، Cd و Zn در محیط آلوده نقش چشمگیری داشت. بیشترین درصد تجمع زیستی عناصر سنگین در سطوح آلودگی 50 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر و بالاترین تجمع زیستی در غلظت 500 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر مشاهده شد و کادمیوم بیشترین درصد تجمع زیستی را به خود اختصاص داد. بنابراین، جدایه های قارچی Trichoderma spp می توانند نقش مهمی در تجمع زیستی آلودگی‌های ناشی از Pb، Cd و Zn ایفا نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma Isolates from Soils Contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn and Evaluation of Their Characteristics and Pollutants Bioaccumulation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Intisar Marzoog Hussein 1
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 2
  • mohsen barin 3
  • Muhsen Abed Ali Almousawy 4
  • Salar Rezapour 5
1 Urmi Uni
2 Dept of Soil Sci. Urmia Uni
3 Dept of Soil Science, Urmia Uni
4 Department of Plant protection Science, Faculty of Agriculture ,Karbala University, Karbala
5 Department of Soil Science, ,Faculty of Agriculture Urmia University
چکیده [English]

The contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals, caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers and polluted water sources, poses a significant challenge to environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and zinc not only reduce the quality of agricultural products but also present a serious threat to ecosystems and biodiversity. In this context, the fungus Trichoderma has been identified as an effective microorganism for absorbing heavy metals and mitigating their toxicity. This study aims to isolate and molecularly characterize Trichoderma isolates and evaluate their effectiveness in the bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils, using advanced molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the genetic structure and biological performance of these isolates. The results showed that 45%, 38%, 12%, and 8% of the isolates belonged to the species T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens, and T. brevicompactum, respectively. For fungal species, Zn and Cd showed the highest and lowest toxicity, respectively. The Maximum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed at a concentration of 500 mg L-1 for the species T. longibrachiatum. This research confirms the significant impact of T. longibrachiatum in absorbing and reducing cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in media. The highest percentage accumulation was observed at contamination levels of 50 mg L-1, with the greatest biosorption at a concentration of 500 mg l-1, where cadmium showed the highest percentage of biological absorption. Therefore, Trichoderma spp. fungal isolates could play a crucial role in improving the bioremediation of heavy metal pollutants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil contaminants
  • Bioaccumulation
  • PCR
  • Cadmium
  • Trichoderma

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 خرداد 1404

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