سینتیک کاهش هیدروکربن های نفتی با زمان در خاک تیمار شده با بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم و بقایای بستر قارچ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی متابولیتهای ثانویه اصفهان، سازمان آموزش و تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران

10.30466/asr.2026.56232.1888

چکیده

بیوچارها در مقایسه با سایر اصلاح‌کننده‌های خاک، به‌دلیل ویژگی‌های ذاتی مانند تخلخل بالا، سطح ویژه زیاد و وجود گروه‌های عاملی فعال ، پتانسیل قابل‌توجهی در بهبود خاک‌های آلوده دارند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی سینتیک کاهش آلودگی هیدروکربن‌های نفتی کل (TPH) در خاک آلوده، تحت تأثیر دو نوع بیوچار شامل کاه و کلش گندم و بقایای بستر قارچ، در سطوح مختلف کاربرد انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح فاکتوریل کاملاً تصادفی با سه فاکتور نوع بیوچار (دو سطح)، سطح کاربرد بیوچار (پنج سطح؛ صفر، ۱۰، ۲۰، ۳۰ و ۵۰ گرم بر کیلوگرم) و زمان انکوباسیون (شش سطح؛ ۶، ۱۲، ۱۸، ۲۴، ۴۲ و ۶۰ روز) در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. غلظت هیدروکربن‌های نفتی کل و میزان تنفس میکروبی در فواصل زمانی مشخص اندازه‌گیری و داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار) Rنسخه 5/4( مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
نتایج آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه نشان داد که هر سه عامل نوع بیوچار، زمان انکوباسیون و اثر متقابل آن‌ها تأثیر معنی‌داری بر غلظت هیدروکربن‌های نفتی کل و تنفس میکروبی داشتند . مقادیر پتانسیل تجزیه و کاهش TPH با استفاده از مدل‌های سینتیکی مرتبه اول و مرتبه دوم محاسبه شد. بر اساس نتایج، برای تیمارهای بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم، هر دو مدل دارای برازش قابل‌قبولی بودند (NRMSE < 5%, R² > 0.94) و. در تیمارهای بیوچار بقایای بستر قارچ، مدل‌های مرتبه اول و دوم در سطوح پایین‌تر بیوچار برازش مناسبی نشان دادند، اما در سطوح بالاتر، دقت برازش کاهش یافت که احتمالاً ناشی از اثرات پیچیده‌تر در جذب و تجزیه آلاینده‌ها است. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بیوچارها، به‌ویژه بیوچار بقایای بستر قارچ، موجب افزایش معنی‌دار نرخ تجزیه زیستی TPH و کاهش نیمه‌عمر آلاینده‌ها در خاک آلوده می‌شوند. بنابراین، استفاده از بیوچار به‌عنوان یک اصلاح‌کننده زیست‌محیطی مؤثر، پایدار و سازگار با محیط‌زیست برای کاهش آلودگی‌های نفتی و بهبود کیفیت خاک‌های آلوده توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Kinetics of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation over Time in Soil Amended with Wheat Straw and Spent Mushroom Substrate Biochars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hajar Merrikhpour 1
  • Nafiseh Noormohammadi 2
1 Associate Professor, Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran - Isfahan Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochars, compared to other soil amendments, possess inherent properties such as high porosity, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and environmental safety, making them highly effective for remediating contaminated soils. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation in contaminated soil under the influence of two types of biochar, namely wheat straw biochar (WSB) and spent mushroom substrate biochar (SMSB), applied at different rates.
The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with three factors: biochar type (two levels), biochar application rate (five levels: 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 g kg⁻¹), and incubation time (six levels: 6, 12, 18, 24, 42, and 60 days), each in triplicate. Total petroleum hydrocarbons and microbial respiration were measured at defined intervals, and data were analyzed using R software (version 4.5).
Two-way ANOVA results showed that biochar treatment, incubation time, and their interaction had significant effects on both TPH concentration and microbial respiration (p < 0.001). The degradation potential and reduction in TPH were evaluated using first-order and second-order kinetic models. For wheat straw biochar treatments, both models provided good fits with NRMSE < 5% and R² > 0.94, indicating reliable performance. In contrast, for SMS biochar, the models fitted well at lower application rates, whereas higher doses showed less accurate fitting, likely due to complex sorption–degradation interactions.
Overall, the results demonstrated that biochars, particularly SMS biochar, significantly enhanced the biodegradation rate of TPH and reduced its half-life in contaminated soils. Therefore, biochar application can be considered an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly strategy for improving soil quality and mitigating petroleum hydrocarbon pollution

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Petroleum hydrocarbons
  • Biochar
  • Wheat straw
  • Spent mushroom substrate
  • kinetic models
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