بهینه‌سازی مصرف کود در مزارع چغندرقند استان خراسان رضوی با روش انحراف از درصد بهینه (DOP): نتایج یک مطالعه دو ساله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزشکشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی،

3 کارشناس محقق بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه. سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی،

10.30466/asr.2026.55914.1875

چکیده

چغندرقند در ایران پس از ذرت علوفه‌ای و گندم، بالاترین مقدار تولید آبی را در کشور به خود اختصاص داده است. استفاده از روش انحراف از درصد بهینه (DOP) روش مفیدی برای ارزیابی وضعیت عناصرغذایی چغندرقند است. هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی و بهینه‌سازی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای چغندرقند به مدت دو سال زراعی در استان خراسان رضوی با روش DOP است. در سال اول 30 مزرعه و در سال دوم 31 مزرعه با دامنه متفاوتی از خصوصیات خاک، انتخاب گردید. خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی این نمونه‌ها در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شد. در سال‌های اول و دوم، نمونه‌برداری از برگ‌ها برای تعیین غلظت عناصر غذایی انجام شد. در این پژوهش گروه عملکرد زیاد در مزارع چغندرقند، با استفاده از روش DOP از طریق ریاضی، آماری و کاربرد تابع تجمعی متمایز گردید. نتایج حاصل از این استان نشان داد که 67%، 5/52%، 82%، 62%، 59% و 53% مزارع به ترتیب دچار کمبود فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس در خاک و میانگین عملکرد در کل مزارع 5/58 تن بر هکتار بود. در روش DOP، ترتیب نیاز غذایی برای عناصر پرمصرف به ‌صورت P (60%) >K (54%) >N (27%) و برای عناصر کم مصرف به صورت B (69%) > Mn (58%) > Zn (54%) > Cu (44%) > Fe (42%) برای مزارع با عملکرد پایین در مقایسه با سطح بحرانی آنها در خاک بودند. شاخص تعادل غذایی (NBI) برای مزارع چغندر قند استان سمنان محاسبه و نشان‌دهنده عدم تعادل نسبی بین عناصر غذایی جذب شده توسط این گیاه است. این وضعیت به مدیریت نامناسب آبیاری و کوددهی در این مزارع اشاره دارد. بنابراین روش DOP، به‌دلیل مصرف نامتعادل کودهای شیمیائی در استان خراسان رضوی مناسب بوده و این روش می‌تواند برای ارزیابی وضعیت عناصرغذایی، تشخیص اختلالات تغذیه‌ای، بهبود توصیه‌های کودی و کیفیت محصول چغندرقند به شکل کاربردی در این استان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Fertilizer Use in Sugar Beet Fields of Khorasan Razavi Province Using the Deviation from Optimal Percentage (DOP) Method: Results of a Two-Year Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalal ghaderi 1
  • Masoud Dadivar 2
  • Kamal Khalkhal 3
1 Assistance professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2 Soil and Water Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
3 Researcher Expert of Soil and Water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
چکیده [English]

Sugar beet in Iran has the highest water production in the country after forage corn and wheat. Using the Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) approach is an effective approach for assessing the nutritional status of sugar beet plants. The objective of this research is to evaluate and optimize the nutritional status of sugar beet over two agricultural years in Khorasan Razavi province using the DOP method. In one year, 30 fields were selected, and in the other year, 31 fields with varying soil properties were chosen. The physical and chemical properties of these samples were measured in the laboratory. Leaf sampling was conducted in both years to determine nutrient concentrations. In this study, the high-yielding group in sugar beet fields was identified using the DOP method through mathematical and statistical analysis and the application of the cumulative function. The results obtained in this province indicated that 67%, 52.5%, 82%, 62%, 59%, and 53% of the fields exhibited deficiencies in phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in the soil, respectively, with an average yield across all fields of 58.5 tons/ha. According to the DOP method, the order of nutrient requirements for the macronutrients was P (60%) >K (54%) >N (27%), while for the micronutrient it was B (69%) > Mn (58%) > Zn (54%) > Cu (44%) > Fe (42%) in low-yielding fields compared to their critical soil levels. The Nutrient Balance Index (NBI) was calculated for sugar beet fields in Semnan province, revealing a relative imbalance between the nutrients absorbed by this plant. This situation points to improper management practices regarding irrigation and fertilization in these fields. Therefore, the DOP method is particularly suitable for addressing the unbalanced application of chemical fertilizers in Razavi Khorasan province. This method can be effectively utilized to assess nutrient status, diagnose nutritional disorders, improve fertilizer recommendations, and enhance the quality of sugar beet production in a practical manner within this region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP)
  • Tissue analysis
  • Nutritional balance
  • Sugar beet

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 شهریور 1405

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